which human body system is correctly matched with its function

ATI TEAS 7

ATI TEAS Science Test

1. Which human body system is correctly matched with its function?

A. Respiratory system; exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs.
B. Circulatory system; transports oxygen to cells and removes carbon dioxide.
C. Lymphatic system; produces antibodies that destroy virally affected or foreign cells.
D. Endocrine system; regulates hormones controlling bodily functions and metabolism.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The circulatory system is responsible for the transportation of oxygen from the lungs to all the body's cells and tissues, as well as removing carbon dioxide from the cells and transporting it back to the lungs to be exhaled. This process is crucial for cellular respiration and the exchange of gases necessary for bodily functions. Choice B accurately matches the role of the circulatory system by describing its function of transporting oxygen to cells and removing carbon dioxide, which is essential for maintaining proper cellular activities. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately match the body system with its function. The respiratory system primarily involves the exchange of gases in the lungs, not transportation to cells; the lymphatic system deals with immunity through the production of antibodies, not gas exchange; and the endocrine system's main function is hormone regulation, not the transport of gases.

2. Which of the following correctly lists the normal blood flow through the heart?

A. Left ventricle, left atrium, body, right ventricle, right atrium, lungs
B. Left atrium, left ventricle, lungs, right atrium, right ventricle, body
C. Right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, body
D. Right ventricle, right atrium, body, left atrium, left ventricle, lungs

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct order of normal blood flow through the heart is as follows: from the body, blood flows into the right atrium, then to the right ventricle, followed by the lungs through the pulmonary artery for oxygenation. Oxygenated blood then returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium, then moves into the left ventricle before being pumped out to the body. Choice B correctly depicts this sequential flow of blood through the heart. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not follow the typical path of blood flow through the heart.

3. What is the recommended daily intake of protein for adults to maintain healthy muscle mass?

A. 0.5 grams per kilogram of body weight
B. 1 gram per kilogram of body weight
C. 1.5 grams per kilogram of body weight
D. 2 grams per kilogram of body weight

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The recommended daily intake of protein for adults to maintain healthy muscle mass is typically around 1 gram per kilogram of body weight. This amount can vary based on individual factors such as activity level, age, and overall health status. Consuming an adequate amount of protein is essential for muscle repair and growth, as well as overall health and functioning of the body. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they suggest protein intake levels that are either too low (A) or unnecessarily high (C and D) for maintaining healthy muscle mass. Excessive protein intake can strain the kidneys and may not provide additional benefits for muscle health beyond the recommended levels.

4. Which of the following is a characteristic phenomenon associated with Cherenkov radiation?

A. Alpha particle emission
B. Beta particle emission
C. Gamma ray emission
D. Charged particles exceeding the speed of light in a medium

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Cherenkov radiation is produced when charged particles travel through a medium at speeds greater than the speed of light in that medium. It is not specific to a particular type of particle emission but rather to the speed of the charged particles. This phenomenon results in the emission of a characteristic blue light, which is a visual indicator of charged particles exceeding the speed of light in that medium. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because Cherenkov radiation is not limited to a specific type of particle emission but is based on the speed of the charged particles relative to the speed of light in the medium.

5. What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

A. Transcribes DNA into mRNA
B. Decodes the genetic code on mRNA
C. Carries specific amino acids to the ribosomes
D. Modifies the structure of proteins

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A) Transcribes DNA into mRNA: This is the function of RNA polymerase, not transfer RNA (tRNA). tRNA is involved in protein synthesis, not transcription. B) Decodes the genetic code on mRNA: This is the function of tRNA during translation. tRNA molecules carry specific amino acids and recognize the codons on mRNA, ensuring the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain. C) Carries specific amino acids to the ribosomes: This is the primary role of tRNA in protein synthesis. Each tRNA molecule is specific for a particular amino acid and carries it to the ribosome, where it is added to the growing protein chain. D) Modifies the structure of proteins: This is not a function of tRNA. Protein modification can occur after translation is complete and involves other cellular processes and molecules.