Nursing Elites

1. What is the scientific name for the common housefly?

• A. Musca domestica
• B. Drosophila melanogaster
• C. Apis mellifera
• D. Anopheles gambiae

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Musca domestica is the scientific name for the common housefly. This species is known for being a common pest found in and around human habitations. Drosophila melanogaster (option B) is a species of fruit fly commonly used in genetic research. Apis mellifera (option C) is the scientific name for the western honeybee. Anopheles gambiae (option D) is a species of mosquito known for being a vector of malaria.

2. Which of the following indicates the body's draining of clear fluid throughout the body to protect it from infection?

• A. Pulmonary Loop
• B. Systemic Loop
• C. Lymphatic System
• D. Immune System

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, the Lymphatic System. The lymphatic system is responsible for draining clear fluid, known as lymph, throughout the body to protect it from infection. The other choices are incorrect because the pulmonary loop specifically refers to circulation between the heart and lungs, the systemic loop refers to circulation between the heart and the rest of the body, and the immune system is responsible for fighting infections and diseases rather than draining clear fluid.

3. Vacuoles are large sacs for storage in plant cells. What is their main function in animal cells?

• A. Protein synthesis
• B. Waste storage and disposal
• C. Photosynthesis
• D. Cellular respiration

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Vacuoles in animal cells primarily function in waste storage and disposal, helping to maintain cellular homeostasis by storing waste products and aiding in their removal from the cell. Unlike plant cells, animal cells do not typically use vacuoles for storage purposes such as water, nutrients, or pigments. Instead, animal cells rely on other organelles like lysosomes for waste management and maintaining cellular balance. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because protein synthesis occurs in ribosomes, photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts (absent in animal cells), and cellular respiration mainly occurs in mitochondria, respectively. Vacuoles in animal cells serve a different purpose compared to plant cells.

4. Photons, the basic unit of light, are:

• A. Charged particles
• B. Packets of energy with wave-particle duality
• C. Electromagnetic waves only
• D. Always absorbed by matter

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Photons are not charged particles; they are packets of energy that exhibit wave-particle duality, meaning they can behave as both particles and waves. While photons are part of the electromagnetic spectrum, they are not electromagnetic waves themselves but rather discrete energy packets. They are not always absorbed by matter; they can be reflected, transmitted, or scattered.

5. What type of muscle tissue is responsible for causing the hair follicles to stand on end when you get a goosebump?

• A. Skeletal muscle
• B. Smooth muscle
• C. Cardiac muscle
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Smooth muscle is responsible for causing the hair follicles to stand on end when you get a goosebump. This type of muscle tissue is found in the skin attached to hair follicles and contracts in response to stimuli such as cold or fear, causing the hair to stand up. Skeletal muscle is responsible for voluntary movements, and cardiac muscle is found in the heart and is not directly involved in causing goosebumps. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the specific type of muscle tissue responsible for this physiological response.

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