Nursing Elites

1. How does the author generally present the information in the extract?

• A. Chronological order
• B. Comparison-contrast
• C. Cause-effect
• D. Conclusion-premises

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The author generally presents the information in a cause-effect format. The scientist talks about the increase in carbon dioxide emissions by countries like China, India, and Brazil leading to rising global temperatures. The politician, on the other hand, argues against a causal link between carbon emissions and temperature increase, suggesting a natural rise in temperatures. The information is structured around the cause of carbon emissions and its effect on global temperatures. Choice A, chronological order, is incorrect as the information is not presented in a time sequence but rather based on cause and effect. Choice B, comparison-contrast, is not the best description as the focus is more on cause and effect rather than comparing or contrasting different elements. Choice D, conclusion-premises, is also incorrect as the information does not follow the pattern of drawing conclusions based on premises but rather discusses the relationship between carbon emissions and temperature increase.

2. Which of the following pairs of examples from the passage best demonstrates why the use of plastics is a divisive topic?

• A. Plastic has advantages. Plastic is difficult to recycle efficiently.
• B. Plastic is consumed by birds. Plastic is entering our food.
• C. Plastic is popular. Plastic is used for packaging.
• D. Plastic is in landfills. Plastic is in the ocean.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The examples of plastic's advantages and difficulties in recycling show why the topic is divisive. The passage mentions that plastic has advantages, but it is difficult to recycle efficiently, indicating a conflict between the benefits and environmental impact of plastics. This conflict contributes to the divisive nature of discussions surrounding the use of plastics. Choices B, C, and D do not provide contrasting examples that highlight the divisive nature of the topic.

3. What is a secondary argument the author makes?

• A. Devices such as the iPad or Kindle are better than books because they have multiple uses.
• B. Books are still important to have while waiting for an appointment or taking a flight.
• C. Printed encyclopedias are still used and more convenient than using the Internet.
• D. With technology, there will soon be no need for stories.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The secondary argument made by the author is that devices such as the iPad and Kindle are superior to printed books because they offer multiple functions beyond just reading. The author mentions that these devices have qualities similar to a computer and can be used for much more than just reading, making them a more versatile option compared to traditional books. Choice B is incorrect because the author does not emphasize the importance of books for specific situations like waiting for appointments or flights. Choice C is incorrect as the author does not compare printed encyclopedias to the Internet. Choice D is incorrect as the author does not suggest that technology will eliminate the need for stories; instead, they focus on the transition from printed books to electronic devices for reading.

4. Which statement is not a detail from the passage?

• A. Promoters of dietary supplements can make any claims that are supported by research.
• B. GMP requirements for large manufacturers went into effect in 2008.
• C. The FDA regulates dietary supplements in the same way as prescription medications.
• D. Consumers should research supplement claims before making a purchase.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The statement "Promoters of dietary supplements can make any claims that are supported by research" is not a detail from the passage. The passage mentions that manufacturers, not promoters, can make claims supported by research. The primary focus is on the regulations and manufacturing standards for dietary supplements. Choice B is a detail from the passage as it mentions the GMP requirements for large manufacturers going into effect in 2008. Choice C is incorrect as the passage states that FDA regulations for dietary supplements are not the same as those for prescription medications. Choice D is also supported by the passage, emphasizing that consumers should research supplement claims before making a purchase to ensure accuracy and safety.

5. Based on the information given, what is spelunking?

• A. exploring inside a cave
• B. an outdoor adventure
• C. walking with a double stroller
• D. a hot, summer day

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The passage describes spelunking as 'hit the road towards it as soon as you can' and 'discover the wonders of the cool, dark earth even while it is weltering hot in the outside world.' This indicates that spelunking involves exploring inside a cave, making option A, 'exploring inside a cave,' the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the description of spelunking provided in the passage.

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