Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following best captures the author’s purpose?

• A. to advocate for specific ideals and beliefs
• B. to discuss the role of skin coloration and markings in snakes
• C. to explain the influence of idealism on American social and political discourse
• D. to examine the impact of snake behavior on the ecosystem

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The author's main purpose in the passage is to explain the influence of idealism on American social and political discourse. The passage discusses how idealistic viewpoints shape the discourse in America, advocating for specific ideals and beliefs (A) rather than explaining the beliefs of an idealist (B) or examining the impact of snake behavior on the ecosystem (D).

2. Which type of evidence is used in the passage?

• A. emotional evidence
• B. appeal to authority
• C. specific evidence
• D. rhetorical questioning

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The passage uses specific evidence to support its claims. It presents factual information about the impact of private tutoring on students' grades, including a comparison of GPAs between students who had different types of tutoring. This specific evidence strengthens the argument by providing concrete data and examples. Emotional evidence, appeal to authority, and rhetorical questioning are not used in this passage, as it primarily relies on data and analysis to make its case.

3. Why did Julia not return to work after the alarm?

• A. She was embarrassed that she could not finish the work her boss asked for.
• B. She was tired and wanted to go home.
• C. She got stuck in traffic and could not get back to her office.
• D. Her boss gave her the afternoon off.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The most likely reason Julia did not return to work after the alarm is that she got stuck in traffic and could not get back to her office. The extract provides details about Julia's challenging morning, starting from being woken up early by lawn mowers, having a caffeine-free cup of coffee, facing traffic delays, arriving late at work, and receiving additional work from her boss. These events culminated in Julia deciding to leave after the fire alarm, indicating that being stuck in traffic was the primary reason for her absence. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because there is no direct evidence in the provided extract to support them. Julia's actions suggest that her decision to leave was more related to external factors like traffic issues rather than internal feelings of embarrassment, tiredness, or being given time off by her boss.

4. Which of the following stories' messages is significantly distorted through the use of an irrelevant detail?

• A. A soft profile about a local politician's part-time rock band that mentions his political differences with his bandmates
• B. A feature story of a local business owner running for political office in which she admits to having employed illegal laborers
• C. A profile of several local Jewish and Arab business leaders that mentions ongoing hostilities in the Middle East
• D. A news report about a local citizen protesting property tax rates that includes details about an immigration violation he committed twenty years previously

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. In the news report about a local citizen protesting property tax rates that includes details about an immigration violation he committed twenty years previously, the irrelevant detail about the immigration violation distracts from the main message of the protest against property tax rates. The inclusion of this detail shifts the focus away from the citizen's current concerns and the reasons for his protest, thus distorting the story's message. Choices A, B, and C do not include irrelevant details that significantly distort the main messages of the stories. Choice A mentions political differences with bandmates but still focuses on the politician's part-time rock band. Choice B discusses the employment of illegal laborers but remains centered on the business owner's political aspirations. Choice C talks about ongoing hostilities in the Middle East but does not veer away from the main focus on the local Jewish and Arab business leaders.

5. To whom is this passage probably being written?

• A. a mother
• B. a father
• C. a babysitter
• D. a nurse

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The passage provides detailed instructions on how to take care of a little girl, indicating that the intended audience is someone other than the child's parents. A babysitter is the most likely recipient of these instructions, as they are typically hired to care for children when the parents are away. The specific guidance on feeding, naptime routine, and other care tasks align with what a babysitter would need to know to care for a child in place of the parents. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the passage does not address the child's parents directly. It focuses on providing guidance to someone temporarily responsible for the child's care, such as a babysitter.

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