Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following bones belongs to the category of long bones?

• A. Femur
• B. Ribs and cranial bones
• C. Sesamoid
• D. Vertebrae and hip bones

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Femur. Long bones are characterized by their elongated shape, with examples including the femur, humerus, and tibia. These bones are essential for support, movement, and bone marrow production. Choice B, 'Ribs and cranial bones,' consists of flat bones, not long bones. Choice C, 'Sesamoid,' refers to small bones embedded within tendons and do not fall under the category of long bones. Choice D, 'Vertebrae and hip bones,' includes irregular bones that provide structural support and protection for vital organs, but they are not classified as long bones.

2. What is the protective sac surrounding the testes in the male reproductive system?

• A. Vas deferens
• B. Scrotum
• C. Epididymis
• D. Urethra

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The scrotum is the correct answer, as it is the protective sac surrounding the testes in the male reproductive system. The scrotum's role is crucial in maintaining the optimal temperature for proper sperm production by regulating the distance of the testes from the body. The vas deferens is a duct responsible for transporting sperm from the testes to the urethra, not the protective sac surrounding the testes. The epididymis is a coiled tube where sperm mature and are stored before ejaculation, not the protective sac. The urethra is a tube that serves as a common passageway for both urine and semen to exit the body, not the protective sac surrounding the testes.

3. How do isotopes affect the atomic mass of an element?

• A. Isotopes have no effect on the atomic mass of an element.
• B. Isotopes cause the atomic mass of an element to vary slightly.
• C. Isotopes cause the atomic mass of an element to be exactly the same for all isotopes of that element.
• D. Isotopes cause the atomic mass of an element to vary greatly.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Since the atomic mass of an element is the weighted average of the masses of its isotopes, the presence of isotopes causes the atomic mass of an element to vary slightly. This variation occurs because different isotopes have different masses due to their varying numbers of neutrons. The atomic mass is affected by the abundance of each isotope, leading to a slight fluctuation in the overall atomic mass of the element. Choice A is incorrect because isotopes do influence the atomic mass. Choice C is incorrect because isotopes have different masses, affecting the overall atomic mass. Choice D is incorrect as isotopes typically do not cause a significant variation in atomic mass, but rather a slight fluctuation.

4. Which of the following lobes in the cerebral cortex is primarily responsible for processing and integrating sensory information received from the rest of the body?

• A. frontal lobe
• B. occipital lobe
• C. parietal lobe
• D. temporal lobe

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The parietal lobe is the correct answer because it is primarily responsible for processing and integrating sensory information received from the rest of the body, including touch, pressure, temperature, and pain. This lobe plays a crucial role in spatial awareness, perception, and attention to sensory stimuli. It helps individuals make sense of the world around them and is essential for various sensory processes. The frontal lobe (choice A) is more associated with functions like reasoning, planning, and problem-solving. The occipital lobe (choice B) is responsible for processing visual information. The temporal lobe (choice D) is involved in functions like memory, auditory processing, and language comprehension, but it is not the primary lobe responsible for processing and integrating sensory information from the body.

5. Which of the following is NOT a common route of transmission for a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?

• A. Unprotected sexual contact
• B. Sharing contaminated needles
• C. Deep kissing
• D. Mother to child during childbirth

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A) Unprotected sexual contact is a common route of transmission for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) as many STIs are spread through genital, anal, or oral sex without the use of barrier protection such as condoms. B) Sharing contaminated needles can also transmit STIs such as HIV and hepatitis B and C, especially among individuals who inject drugs. C) Deep kissing, while it can transmit certain infections like herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) or cytomegalovirus (CMV), is not a common route of transmission for most STIs. Although some STIs can be transmitted through saliva, deep kissing is not a primary mode of transmission for most STIs. D) Mother to child transmission during childbirth can occur with certain STIs such as HIV, syphilis, and herpes, where the infection can be passed from the mother to the baby during delivery. Therefore, deep kissing (option C) is the correct answer as it is not a typical route of transmission for most STIs.

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