Nursing Elites

1. Which might be a good title for this passage?

• A. “Everyone Should Run Barefoot”
• B. “How to Prevent Running Injuries”
• C. “Modern Road Surfaces Versus Barefoot Running”
• D. “The Debate over Barefoot Running”

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The title "The Debate over Barefoot Running" encapsulates the central theme of the passage, which explores both the advantages and disadvantages of barefoot running. It effectively summarizes the discussions around differing opinions and the lack of consensus on this topic. Other titles do not accurately reflect the primary focus of the essay, making D the most suitable choice.

2. What is the meaning of the word 'shifts' as used in the third paragraph?

• A. Alterations
• B. Stints
• C. Removals
• D. Transfers

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In this context, 'shifts' refers to changes or alterations in brain chemistry and electrophysiology. The word 'alterations' best captures the idea that significant changes are occurring in the brain. 'Stints' (choice B) refer to short periods of time or work, which is not the meaning intended here. 'Removals' (choice C) and 'transfers' (choice D) do not fit the context of the sentence and are not related to the changes happening in the brain as described in the extract.

3. Which of the following is not listed as a detail in the passage about microbes?

• A. Babies are born coated with germs from the birth canal.
• B. Mice and humans respond to microbes differently.
• C. Few people share the same microbes in the same quantities.
• D. Human bodies contain far more microbes than they do cells.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the passage does not detail that mice and humans respond to microbes differently. The passage discusses how laboratory mice required a particular strain of bacteria to help their immune systems function correctly, indicating a difference in how mice and humans respond to microbes. Choices A, C, and D are all details mentioned in the passage: A discusses babies being coated with germs from the birth canal, C talks about the variation in microbes among individuals, and D states that human bodies contain more microbes than cells.

4. Which of the following statements is an opinion related to Hypertension?

• A. Obese people are at risk for hypertension.
• B. Losing weight can decrease blood pressure.
• C. Older people must pay attention to their blood pressure.
• D. Blurred vision or dizziness may be a sign of hypertension.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A statement of fact can be proved or checked. A statement of opinion is what someone thinks or believes. In this case, statements A, B, and D could be proved scientifically, but statement C is simply a suggestion. While it is advisable for older people to monitor their blood pressure due to the increased risk associated with aging, the statement itself is an opinion because it suggests what older people 'must' do, which is a subjective viewpoint rather than a verifiable fact. Statements A, B, and D provide factual information supported by scientific evidence, making them statements of fact rather than opinion.

5. Which of the following describes the purpose of the passage?

• A. To describe the causes of cystic fibrosis
• B. To explain how cystic fibrosis is passed down through families
• C. To provide an overview of CF and how it is inherited
• D. To review why some Americans have CF, but others do not

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The passage aims to provide an overview of cystic fibrosis (CF) and how it is inherited. It explains that CF is passed down through families due to a defective gene, detailing how this gene affects the body and who is most commonly affected by the disease. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the passage does not solely focus on describing the causes of CF, explaining how it is passed down through families, or reviewing why some Americans have CF while others do not. Instead, it provides a broader perspective on CF and its inheritance.

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