Which might be a good title for this passage?

A. “Everyone Should Run Barefoot”

B. “How to Prevent Running Injuries”

C. “Modern Road Surfaces Versus Barefoot Running”

D. “The Debate over Barefoot Running”

Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The title "The Debate over Barefoot Running" encapsulates the central theme of the passage, which explores both the advantages and disadvantages of barefoot running. It effectively summarizes the discussions around differing opinions and the lack of consensus on this topic. Other titles do not accurately reflect the primary focus of the essay, making D the most suitable choice.

Which statement would not be inferred by the reader in the passage about Hypertension?

• A. Maintaining a healthy weight may help to prevent hypertension.
• B. There is presently no reliable treatment for hypertension.
• C. Your ethnicity may contribute to your risk for hypertension.
• D. A 60-year-old is more likely to have hypertension than a teenager is.

Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The passage clearly states that there are treatments for hypertension, so the statement that there is presently no reliable treatment for hypertension cannot be inferred from the text. Choice A can be inferred from paragraph 3 where it mentions losing weight to decrease blood pressure. Choice C can be inferred from paragraph 1 where it states that African Americans are more likely to have hypertension. Choice D can be inferred from paragraph 2 where it explains that older people are most often diagnosed with hypertension due to changes in blood vessels as they age.

Which of the following is not listed as a detail in the passage?

• A. Many patients die each year from medical error.
• B. Lifewings Partners educates patients on consumer safety.
• C. Steve Harden is the founder of Lifewings Partners.
• D. The most common medical error is overmedication.

Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The passage discusses the dangers of medical errors and provides specific examples of such errors but does not indicate that overmedication is the most common error. Therefore, since option D is not supported by the text, it is the correct choice for what is not mentioned.

What was the author's motive for writing the paragraph?

• A. Encourage overeating.
• B. Criticize healthy eating habits.
• C. Urge self-control.
• D. Promote exercise.

Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The author's motive for writing the paragraph is to urge self-control. The text emphasizes the importance of moderation in food and drink consumption to avoid serious physical and mental health problems. It highlights the negative consequences of overeating and alcohol abuse, pointing out the strain on the heart, diabetes risk, shortened lifespan, and emotional eating habits. By discussing the issues related to overconsumption, the author aims to promote self-control and responsible habits. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the paragraph focuses on advocating moderation and self-discipline rather than encouraging overeating, criticizing healthy eating habits, or promoting exercise.

Choose the best summary of the passage about microbes.

• A. Scientists have discovered the importance of certain bacteria for a well-functioning immune system, especially in defending against pathogens. The colonization of microbes in the body begins at birth, with the immune system relying on these bacteria for proper function.
• B. The passage discusses the role of bacteria in the development of the human immune system. It highlights that the body supports various microorganisms crucial for immunity, starting from birth. The presence of harmless bacteria is essential for the immune system to work effectively.
• C. The body hosts a vast number of microorganisms critical for immune system development. Harmless bacteria are necessary for the immune system to defend against pathogens effectively. Early research shows promising results in fecal bacteriotherapy for restoring the immune system's ability to fight off harmful invaders.
• D. Microbes play a pivotal role in human health, particularly in immune system development. The introduction of healthy bacteria is essential for the immune system to function correctly. Fecal bacteriotherapy is a novel approach to reintroducing beneficial bacteria into a compromised colon to enhance immune response.

Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The passage emphasizes the importance of certain bacteria for a properly functioning immune system. It discusses how harmless bacteria play a crucial role in defending the body against pathogens. Choice A is incorrect as it focuses on the immune system's response to certain types of bacteria in lower organisms, not the overall importance of bacteria for immunity. Choice B is incorrect as it mainly discusses bacteriotherapy in relation to the reconstruction of a damaged colon, rather than the broader role of bacteria in immune system health. Choice D is incorrect as it only talks about the process of replacing harmful bacteria with harmless ones, missing the key point about the necessity of certain bacteria for immune system function.