Nursing Elites

1. Which kingdom primarily consists of multicellular, photosynthetic organisms with cell walls made of cellulose?

• A. Animalia
• B. Fungi
• C. Plantae
• D. Protista

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A) Animalia consists of multicellular organisms that lack cell walls and are heterotrophic. Therefore, it does not primarily consist of photosynthetic organisms with cell walls made of cellulose. B) Fungi are multicellular organisms with cell walls made of chitin and are heterotrophic, so they do not fit the description. C) Plantae primarily consists of multicellular, photosynthetic organisms with cell walls made of cellulose. This accurately describes plants. D) Protista is a diverse kingdom that includes unicellular and multicellular organisms with varying characteristics, but it does not primarily consist of multicellular, photosynthetic organisms with cell walls made of cellulose.

2. What is the definition of the term 'momentum' in physics?

• A. Force exerted on an object
• B. Speed of an object in motion
• C. Mass in motion
• D. Distance traveled per unit time

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Momentum in physics is the product of an object's mass and its velocity. It is a vector quantity that describes the motion of an object and is given by the formula p = mv, where p is momentum, m is mass, and v is velocity. Therefore, momentum is best described as the mass of an object in motion. Choice A, 'Force exerted on an object,' is incorrect because force is not equivalent to momentum. Choice B, 'Speed of an object in motion,' is incorrect because speed only considers the rate of motion and not the mass aspect. Choice D, 'Distance traveled per unit time,' is incorrect as it relates to speed and not momentum, which involves both mass and velocity.

3. What is the half-life of a radioactive isotope, and how does it relate to its decay rate?

• A. The time it takes for half of the initial sample to decay.
• B. The time it takes for all of the sample to decay.
• C. The rate at which new isotopes are created.
• D. The energy released during decay.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The half-life of a radioactive isotope is the time it takes for half of the initial sample to decay. After one half-life, half of the radioactive atoms have decayed. The decay rate, however, refers to the rate at which radioactive atoms decay, which is not directly related to the half-life. Choice B is incorrect because it does not correctly define the half-life. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to the creation of new isotopes, not the decay process. Choice D is incorrect as it describes the energy released during decay, which is not the same as the concept of half-life.

4. What structure in plant cells provides rigidity and support?

• A. Cell membrane
• B. Golgi apparatus
• C. Plastid
• D. Cell wall

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, the cell wall. The cell wall is the structure in plant cells that provides rigidity and support. It is a tough, rigid structure located outside the cell membrane. Composed primarily of cellulose, the cell wall offers structural support to the cell, helping it maintain its shape and protect it from damage. The other choices, such as the cell membrane (choice A), Golgi apparatus (choice B), and plastid (choice C) do not provide rigidity and support to plant cells. The cell membrane is a selectively permeable barrier, the Golgi apparatus is involved in processing and packaging proteins, and plastids are organelles responsible for functions like photosynthesis and storage, but they do not provide the structural support that the cell wall does.

5. Which enzyme breaks down carbohydrates like starches and sugars in the mouth?

• A. Pepsin
• B. Lipase
• C. Amylase
• D. Trypsin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is Amylase. Amylase is the enzyme responsible for breaking down carbohydrates like starches and sugars in the mouth. Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach, lipase breaks down fats, and trypsin is another enzyme that breaks down proteins in the small intestine. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect for this question.

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