Nursing Elites

1. What is the name for the process where a solid changes directly into a gas?

• A. Evaporation
• B. Sublimation
• C. Condensation
• D. Melting

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Sublimation is the process by which a solid directly transforms into a gas without passing through the liquid phase. This occurs when the atmospheric pressure is lower than the vapor pressure of the solid, causing it to transition to a gas state. Choice A, evaporation, is the process where a liquid changes into a gas, not a solid. Choice C, condensation, is the opposite process where gas changes into a liquid. Choice D, melting, is the process where a solid changes into a liquid, not a gas.

2. Which element shares the same group (family) on the periodic table with helium (He)?

• A. Neon (Ne)
• B. Boron (B)
• C. Carbon (C)
• D. Oxygen (O)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Neon (Ne) shares the same group (family) on the periodic table with helium (He). Both helium and neon belong to Group 18 (Noble Gases) due to their complete and stable outer electron shells, making them chemically inert. Boron (B), Carbon (C), and Oxygen (O) are not in the same group as helium. Boron is in Group 13, Carbon is in Group 14, and Oxygen is in Group 16 on the periodic table.

3. Which term refers to a position toward the head? Example: The hand is part of the superior extremity.

• A. Superior
• B. Inferior
• C. Medial
• D. Lateral

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Superior.' 'Superior' refers to a position toward the head, while 'inferior' is the term for a position toward the feet. In the given example, the hand belongs to the superior extremity, which includes structures closer to the head. 'Inferior' is incorrect as it refers to a position away from the head or toward the feet. 'Medial' describes a position closer to the midline of the body, while 'lateral' refers to a position farther away from the midline.

4. What are the four main types of macromolecules that are essential for life?

• A. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
• B. Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and vitamins
• C. Minerals, vitamins, proteins, and fats
• D. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and hormones

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. These four types of macromolecules are essential for life as they serve crucial roles in various cellular processes. Carbohydrates are the primary energy source for cells and provide structural support. Lipids function as energy storage molecules and are essential components of cell membranes. Proteins have diverse functions in cellular processes, acting as enzymes, structural components, and more. Nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA, carry genetic information and are crucial for protein synthesis. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they include elements like fats, vitamins, minerals, and hormones, which are not the main types of macromolecules essential for life.

5. What is the term for the process of exchanging gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the blood and the tissues?

• A. Inhalation
• B. Exhalation
• C. External respiration
• D. Internal respiration

Correct answer: C

Rationale: External respiration is the correct term for the process of exchanging gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the blood and the tissues. It specifically refers to the exchange of gases that occurs in the lungs, where oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is released from the bloodstream to be exhaled. Inhalation and exhalation, choices A and B, are phases of the breathing process that involve the intake and expulsion of air into and out of the lungs, respectively. Internal respiration, choice D, is the process of gas exchange that happens at the cellular level between the blood and body tissues, not between the blood and the lungs or tissues as in external respiration. Therefore, external respiration is the most appropriate term for the described gas exchange process in the question.

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