Nursing Elites

1. An atom has 2 protons, 4 neutrons, and 2 electrons. What is the approximate atomic mass of this atom?

• A. 2
• B. 4
• C. 6
• D. 8

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The atomic mass of an atom is the sum of the protons and neutrons in its nucleus. In this case, the atom has 2 protons and 4 neutrons, totaling 6 particles in the nucleus. Therefore, the approximate atomic mass of this atom is 6, making choice C incorrect. The number of electrons does not significantly contribute to the atomic mass, as they are much lighter and located in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not reflect the correct calculation of atomic mass based on protons and neutrons only.

2. A rocket engine expels hot gases backwards. What principle explains the rocket's forward motion?

• A. Newton's first law of motion
• B. Newton's second law of motion
• C. Newton's third law of motion
• D. Law of conservation of energy

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Newton's third law of motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. In the case of a rocket engine expelling hot gases backwards, the action is the expulsion of gases, and the reaction is the forward motion of the rocket. The hot gases being expelled act as the action force, propelling the rocket in the opposite direction as the reaction force, resulting in the rocket's forward motion. Newton's first law of motion (Choice A) pertains to inertia, stating that an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an external force. Newton's second law of motion (Choice B) relates force, mass, and acceleration, which is not directly applicable to the scenario of a rocket engine propulsion. The law of conservation of energy (Choice D) is a fundamental principle stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can only be transformed, which does not directly explain the forward motion of the rocket in this context.

3. What is the recommended daily fluid intake for adults?

• A. 1 liter
• B. 2 liters
• C. 3 liters
• D. 4 liters

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The recommended daily fluid intake for adults is typically around 2 liters, which is equivalent to about 8 cups or half a gallon. This amount can vary depending on factors such as age, gender, weight, activity level, and climate. Staying adequately hydrated is essential for overall health and helps maintain proper bodily functions, such as regulating body temperature, aiding digestion, and transporting nutrients and oxygen throughout the body. Drinking enough fluids also helps prevent dehydration, which can lead to symptoms like fatigue, headaches, and dizziness. Choice A, 1 liter, is insufficient and may not meet the body's hydration needs, while choices C and D, 3 liters and 4 liters, respectively, are excessive for most adults and could potentially lead to overhydration, which may have negative health consequences. It's important to note that individual fluid needs may vary, so it's always best to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized recommendations.

4. When making a dilution, what do you do?

• A. Add more solvent to a concentrated solution
• B. Change the temperature of the solution
• C. Decrease the concentration of a solution
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When making a dilution, you decrease the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent to a concentrated solution. This process does not involve changing the temperature of the solution, so option B is incorrect. Option A is also incorrect because you are not adding more solute to the solution during dilution. Therefore, the correct answer is C) Decrease the concentration of a solution. Options A and B are incorrect as dilution involves adding more solvent, not solute, and does not require changing the temperature of the solution.

5. What does the term 'colligative property' refer to in solutions?

• A. Properties that depend on the nature of the solute particles
• B. Properties that depend on the concentration of solute particles
• C. Properties that depend on the temperature of the solution
• D. Properties that depend on the pressure of the solution

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Colligative properties are properties of a solution that depend on the concentration of solute particles, regardless of the identity of the solute. These properties include lowering the vapor pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, and osmotic pressure. The concentration of solute particles affects these properties, not the nature, temperature, or pressure of the solution. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer as it accurately reflects the definition of colligative properties. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because colligative properties are not based on the nature, temperature, or pressure of the solute, but rather on the concentration of solute particles in the solution.

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