Nursing Elites

1. Which hormones are responsible for stimulating the development of sex organs and secondary sex characteristics during puberty?

• A. Growth hormone
• B. Testosterone (in males) and Estrogen (in females)
• C. Insulin
• D. Thyroid hormone

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Testosterone and estrogen are the primary sex hormones responsible for the development of male and female sex organs, respectively, and the emergence of secondary sex characteristics during puberty. Growth hormone, insulin, and thyroid hormone do not directly influence the development of sex organs and secondary sex characteristics during puberty. Growth hormone primarily regulates growth and metabolism, insulin regulates blood sugar levels, and thyroid hormone controls metabolism and energy levels. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect for this question.

2. What is the molar mass of Ca(NO3)2?

• A. 74.1 g/mol
• B. 132.1 g/mol
• C. 164.1 g/mol
• D. 78.1 g/mol

Correct answer: B

Rationale: To calculate the molar mass of Ca(NO3)2, we add up the individual atomic masses of its elements: Ca (40.08) + 2N (2 * 14.01) + 6O (6 * 16.00) = 40.08 + 28.02 + 96.00 = 164.1 g/mol. Therefore, the correct answer is 164.1 g/mol (Choice C). Choice A (74.1 g/mol) is incorrect as it does not account for the correct sum of atomic masses. Choice B (132.1 g/mol) is the correct molar mass calculation for Ca(NO3)2. Choice D (78.1 g/mol) is incorrect and does not reflect the accurate molar mass of the compound.

3. Which of the following is the smallest part of an element that can still be recognized as that element?

• A. Electron
• B. Proton
• C. Neutron
• D. Atom

Correct answer: D

Rationale: An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the chemical properties of an element. It consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons that orbit the nucleus. The number of protons in the nucleus defines the atomic number of the element, and the number of neutrons determines the isotope of the element. While electrons, protons, and neutrons are fundamental particles, an atom as a whole is the smallest part of an element that maintains its unique identity. Electrons are negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus, protons are positively charged particles in the nucleus, and neutrons are neutral particles in the nucleus. Therefore, the correct answer is 'D: Atom.'

4. Which of the following is a consequence of bone marrow failure?

• A. Seizures.
• B. Pancytopenia.
• C. Paraplegia.
• D. Pathologic fractures.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The corrected question focuses on the consequence of bone marrow failure, which is pancytopenia. Bone marrow failure results in decreased production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, leading to pancytopenia. This condition manifests as fatigue, weakness, increased infection susceptibility, and bleeding tendencies. Paraplegia, seizures, and pathologic fractures are not typical outcomes of bone marrow failure. Paraplegia is associated with spinal cord injury, seizures with neurological disorders, and pathologic fractures with conditions like osteoporosis or bone tumors.

5. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) plays a crucial role in regulating water balance. When ADH levels are high, what happens to urine production?

• A. Urine production increases significantly
• B. Urine production decreases to conserve water
• C. There is no change in urine production
• D. The kidneys stop producing urine altogether

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When ADH levels are high, urine production decreases to conserve water. ADH acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, leading to the production of concentrated urine and conservation of water in the body. Choice A is incorrect as high ADH levels lead to increased water reabsorption, reducing urine output. Choice C is incorrect since high ADH levels do influence urine production. Choice D is incorrect as the kidneys do not stop producing urine entirely but rather adjust the reabsorption of water based on ADH levels.

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