Nursing Elites

1. Which factor affects the gravitational potential energy of an object the most?

• A. The mass of the object
• B. The distance from the ground
• C. The gravitational force
• D. The shape of the object

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Gravitational potential energy is directly proportional to the height or distance from the ground. As the object is raised higher, its gravitational potential energy increases. While the mass of the object influences gravitational potential energy, the distance from the ground has a more significant impact on it. The gravitational force does not directly affect the gravitational potential energy; it is the force that causes the potential energy to change with height. The shape of the object also does not determine gravitational potential energy, as it is primarily determined by the object's position in a gravitational field.

2. An atom has 5 protons, 5 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is the electric charge of this atom?

• A. Neutral
• B. Positive
• C. Negative
• D. Undetermined

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Negative.' An atom becomes negatively charged when it has more electrons than protons. In this case, the atom has 6 electrons and 5 protons, resulting in a net negative charge. Choice A 'Neutral' is incorrect because the atom is not balanced in terms of protons and electrons. Choice B 'Positive' is incorrect because having more electrons than protons results in a negative charge. Choice D 'Undetermined' is incorrect, as the charge can be determined based on the relative number of protons and electrons.

3. The function of synergists can best be described as which of the following? I. They assist primary movers in completing the specific movement II. They stabilize the point of origin and provide extra pull near the insertion III. They help prevent unwanted movement at a joint

• A. I, II
• B. I, III
• C. II, III
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Synergists are muscles that assist the primary movers (agonists) in completing specific movements (I). Additionally, they stabilize the point of origin and provide extra pull near the insertion, aiding in movement efficiency (II). While synergists may contribute to stability, their primary role is to assist in movement rather than prevent unwanted movement at a joint; hence, options I and II offer the most accurate descriptions of their function. Choice B is incorrect because synergists do not primarily help prevent unwanted movement at a joint (III). Choice C is incorrect as it combines stabilization of the point of origin and preventing unwanted movement, which is not the primary function of synergists.

4. Identify the function NOT attributed to the lymphatic system.

• A. Fluid drainage from tissues
• B. Immune response via white blood cell production
• C. Nutrient transport throughout the body
• D. Waste removal through lymph nodes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A) Fluid drainage from tissues: This function is attributed to the lymphatic system. Lymphatic vessels collect excess fluid from tissues and return it to the bloodstream. B) Immune response via white blood cell production: The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the body's immune response by producing and transporting white blood cells, such as lymphocytes, which help fight infections. C) Nutrient transport throughout the body: Nutrient transport is primarily carried out by the circulatory system (blood vessels), not the lymphatic system. The circulatory system transports nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells and removes waste products. D) Waste removal through lymph nodes: The lymphatic system helps remove waste and toxins from the body by filtering lymph through lymph nodes, where harmful substances are trapped and destroyed by immune cells. Therefore, the function NOT attributed to the lymphatic system is C) Nutrient transport throughout the body.

5. Which of the following is an example of a pivot joint?

• A. Hip
• B. Neck
• C. Shoulder
• D. Elbow

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Neck. A pivot joint, as found in the neck, allows for rotational movement around a single axis. This type of joint is essential for movements like shaking your head 'no' or looking left and right. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the hip, shoulder, and elbow joints are examples of ball-and-socket joints, which allow for a wide range of motion in multiple directions, not just rotational movement around a single axis like a pivot joint.

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