Nursing Elites

1. When making a dilution, what do you do?

• A. Add more solvent to a concentrated solution
• B. Change the temperature of the solution
• C. Decrease the concentration of a solution
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When making a dilution, you decrease the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent to a concentrated solution. This process does not involve changing the temperature of the solution, so option B is incorrect. Option A is also incorrect because you are not adding more solute to the solution during dilution. Therefore, the correct answer is C) Decrease the concentration of a solution. Options A and B are incorrect as dilution involves adding more solvent, not solute, and does not require changing the temperature of the solution.

2. What is the main function of estuaries?

• A. Filtering pollutants from water
• B. Providing habitat for marine life
• C. Storing carbon dioxide
• D. Generating wind power

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Estuaries are coastal areas where freshwater from rivers and streams mixes with saltwater from the ocean. They serve as important habitats for a variety of marine life, including fish, birds, and other wildlife. Estuaries provide shelter, breeding grounds, and food sources for many species, making them crucial for the overall health of marine ecosystems. While estuaries can help filter pollutants to some extent, their primary function is to support and sustain diverse populations of plants and animals. Storing carbon dioxide and generating wind power are not main functions of estuaries.

3. Which type of reaction undergoes hydrolysis?

• A. Anabolism
• B. Catabolism
• C. Exothermic
• D. Endothermic

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Catabolism.' Catabolic reactions involve the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones, often through hydrolysis, where water is added to break chemical bonds. This process is essential for the degradation of complex molecules and the release of energy stored in chemical bonds. Choice A, 'Anabolism,' is incorrect as anabolism involves the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones. Choices C and D, 'Exothermic' and 'Endothermic,' refer to the heat energy exchange during a reaction and are not directly related to the process of hydrolysis.

4. Which biome is characterized by cold temperatures, permafrost, and coniferous trees?

• A. Tundra
• B. Desert
• C. Rainforest
• D. Savanna

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A) Tundra: This biome is characterized by cold temperatures, permafrost (permanently frozen subsoil), and vegetation such as mosses, lichens, and coniferous trees like spruce and fir. The tundra is found in high latitudes near the Arctic Circle and high altitudes in mountainous regions. It is a cold and harsh environment where the ground remains frozen for a significant part of the year. The coniferous trees in this biome are adapted to survive in extreme cold conditions. B) Desert: Deserts are characterized by low precipitation levels and high temperatures, with sparse vegetation adapted to arid conditions. C) Rainforest: Rainforests are characterized by high levels of rainfall, warm temperatures, and dense vegetation with a variety of plant and animal species. D) Savanna: Savannas are tropical grasslands with scattered trees and shrubs, characterized by a distinct wet and dry season. They have a different climate pattern compared to the cold temperatures and permafrost found in the tundra biome. In this case, the description of cold temperatures, permafrost, and coniferous trees aligns most closely with the characteristics of the tundra biome, making option A the correct answer.

5. Which organ's primary role is the production of bile and other metabolic functions such as blood sugar regulation and detoxification?

• A. Gallbladder
• B. Pancreas
• C. Liver
• D. Stomach

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is the liver. The liver is responsible for producing bile, regulating blood sugar levels, and detoxifying the blood. Bile produced by the liver is stored in the gallbladder. The pancreas primarily functions in digestion by producing enzymes and insulin, while the stomach is mainly involved in breaking down food through the secretion of gastric juices.

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