Nursing Elites

1. What type of muscle is found in the walls of the heart?

• A. Smooth muscle
• B. Cardiac muscle
• C. Skeletal muscle
• D. Voluntary muscle

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cardiac muscle. Cardiac muscle is the specialized muscle found in the walls of the heart. It contracts involuntarily to pump blood throughout the body, ensuring circulation. Smooth muscle is typically found in organs like the intestines and blood vessels, aiding in their functions. Skeletal muscle is attached to bones and plays a vital role in movement and posture. Voluntary muscle is a general term for skeletal muscles that are under conscious control, unlike cardiac muscle which contracts involuntarily to maintain the heart's continuous pumping action.

2. What term describes the point where parallel rays of light converge or appear to diverge after passing through a lens or reflecting off a mirror?

• A. Aperture
• B. Focal length
• C. Refractive index
• D. Lens thickness

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Focal length.' Focal length is the term used to describe the point where parallel rays of light converge or appear to diverge after passing through a lens or reflecting off a mirror. It is a critical parameter in optics that determines the magnification and image formation in optical systems. Aperture refers to the opening through which light enters a camera or telescope, not the convergence point of light rays. Refractive index is a measure of how much light is bent, not the point where rays converge. Lens thickness is the physical dimension of a lens and does not indicate the convergence point of light rays. Therefore, 'Focal length' is the most appropriate choice in this context.

3. What is the term for the process of breaking a large molecule into smaller fragments by applying heat?

• A. Polymerization
• B. Hydrogenation
• C. Isomerization
• D. Pyrolysis

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Pyrolysis is the correct answer. It is the process of breaking down large molecules into smaller fragments by applying heat in the absence of oxygen. This results in the decomposition of molecules into simpler compounds. Polymerization, the process of synthesizing large molecules from smaller units, is incorrect as it is the opposite process. Hydrogenation involves adding hydrogen atoms to a compound, usually with a catalyst, which is not related to breaking down large molecules. Isomerization refers to rearranging atoms within a molecule to form isomeric compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements, which is also unrelated to the process described in the question.

4. Which part of the cell is responsible for storing genetic information?

• A. Ribosome
• B. Mitochondrion
• C. Nucleus
• D. Cytoplasm

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Nucleus. The nucleus is responsible for storing genetic information in the form of DNA. The DNA within the nucleus controls the activities of the cell by directing the synthesis of proteins and regulating gene expression. Choices A, Ribosome, B, Mitochondrion, and D, Cytoplasm, do not store genetic information. Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, mitochondria produce energy for the cell, and cytoplasm is a gel-like substance that houses organelles and where many cellular activities occur.

5. What is the waxy or oily substance produced by sebaceous glands that helps lubricate the skin and hair?

• A. Keratin
• B. Melanin
• C. Sebum
• D. Sweat

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Sebum is the waxy or oily substance produced by sebaceous glands. It helps lubricate the skin and hair, keeping them moisturized and protected. Keratin is a protein that makes up hair, skin, and nails, providing structure and strength. Melanin is a pigment that gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes, providing protection against UV radiation. Sweat is a watery fluid produced by sweat glands to help regulate body temperature by cooling the body through evaporation.

Similar Questions