Nursing Elites

1. Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling involuntary functions like breathing and heart rate?

• A. Cerebrum
• B. Medulla oblongata
• C. Cerebellum
• D. Thalamus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The medulla oblongata is located at the base of the brainstem and is responsible for controlling vital involuntary functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. The cerebrum, although the largest part of the brain, is primarily responsible for higher brain functions like thinking and voluntary muscle movements. The cerebellum is involved in coordination, balance, and muscle control. The thalamus acts as a relay station for sensory information but is not directly responsible for regulating involuntary functions like breathing and heart rate. Therefore, the correct answer is the medulla oblongata.

2. Which part of the brain is responsible for balance and coordination?

• A. Cerebrum
• B. Cerebellum
• C. Medulla oblongata
• D. Thalamus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the cerebellum. The cerebellum is responsible for balance, coordination, and fine motor control. It integrates sensory information from the vestibular system in the inner ear and proprioceptive information from muscles and joints to coordinate voluntary movements. The cerebrum is primarily involved in higher brain functions like thinking and decision-making. The medulla oblongata controls vital autonomic functions such as breathing and heart rate. The thalamus serves as a relay station for sensory information before sending it to the cerebral cortex for further processing.

3. What is the correct way to represent 8,600,000,000,000 in scientific notation with two significant figures?

• A. 8.6 x 10^12
• B. 8.6 x 10^-12
• C. 8.6 x 10^11
• D. 8.60 x 10^12

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct way to represent 8,600,000,000,000 in scientific notation with two significant figures is 8.6 x 10^12. Scientific notation involves expressing a number as a decimal (with one non-zero digit before the decimal point) multiplied by a power of 10. In this case, 8,600,000,000,000 is correctly written as 8.6 x 10^12 to maintain two significant figures and the appropriate magnitude. Choice B (8.6 x 10^-12) is incorrect as it represents a very small number due to the negative exponent. Choice C (8.6 x 10^11) is incorrect as it does not account for the magnitude of the original number. Choice D (8.60 x 10^12) is incorrect because it unnecessarily adds a zero after the decimal point, which is not warranted by the original number's precision.

4. Which term refers to a position toward the head? Example: The hand is part of the superior extremity.

• A. Superior
• B. Inferior
• C. Medial
• D. Lateral

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Superior.' 'Superior' refers to a position toward the head, while 'inferior' is the term for a position toward the feet. In the given example, the hand belongs to the superior extremity, which includes structures closer to the head. 'Inferior' is incorrect as it refers to a position away from the head or toward the feet. 'Medial' describes a position closer to the midline of the body, while 'lateral' refers to a position farther away from the midline.

5. Which of the following antibodies can cross the placenta?

• A. IgA
• B. IgD
• C. IgG
• D. IgM

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is IgG. IgG is the only antibody that can cross the placenta, providing passive immunity to the developing fetus. IgA, IgD, and IgM do not cross the placenta. IgA is mainly found in mucosal secretions, IgD is involved in the activation of B cells, and IgM is the first antibody produced in response to an infection, but it does not cross the placental barrier.

Similar Questions