Nursing Elites

1. What property of matter determines its resistance to changes in shape or size?

• A. Solid
• B. Liquid
• C. Gas
• D. Plasma

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Solid.' Solids have a definite shape and volume, providing them with a strong resistance to changes in shape or size. Liquids and gases do not have a definite shape, making them prone to changing shape or size easily. Plasmas, on the other hand, are ionized gases with high energy levels and lack a definite shape or volume, which does not contribute to resistance against changes in shape or size. Therefore, the properties of solids make them best suited for resisting changes in shape or size compared to liquids, gases, and plasmas.

2. Which of the following organs is responsible for the mechanical breakdown of food into smaller pieces?

• A. Esophagus
• B. Stomach
• C. Small intestine
• D. Mouth

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Mouth. The mouth is responsible for the mechanical breakdown of food through chewing and mixing with saliva. This process is essential for breaking down food into smaller, more digestible pieces before swallowing. The esophagus (choice A) is a muscular tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach and does not participate in the mechanical breakdown of food. The stomach (choice B) primarily functions to further break down food using acids and enzymes, rather than mechanical means. The small intestine (choice C) is responsible for absorbing nutrients from the digested food, not for the mechanical breakdown of food.

3. What is the function of the myelin sheath in a neuron?

• A. To transmit electrical impulses
• B. To insulate and speed up electrical signals
• C. To produce neurotransmitters
• D. To protect the neuron from damage

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The myelin sheath serves to insulate neurons and accelerate the transmission of electrical signals along the axon. This insulation helps in the efficient conduction of nerve impulses by preventing signal loss or leakage. Choice A is incorrect because the myelin sheath does not transmit electrical impulses itself but rather helps in the conduction. Choice C is incorrect as the myelin sheath is not responsible for producing neurotransmitters. Choice D is also incorrect as the primary function of the myelin sheath is not to protect the neuron from damage. Therefore, the correct answer is B, as it accurately describes the function of the myelin sheath in a neuron.

4. What is the largest bone in the human body?

• A. Femur (thigh bone)
• B. Tibia (shin bone)
• C. Humerus (upper arm bone)
• D. Scapula (shoulder blade)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The femur, also known as the thigh bone, holds the title of the largest bone in the human body. Situated in the upper leg, the femur plays a vital role in supporting the body's weight and enabling movement. While the tibia (shin bone), humerus (upper arm bone), and scapula (shoulder blade) are all essential bones, none of them match the femur in terms of size and importance. The tibia, humerus, and scapula are comparatively smaller bones with specific functions in their respective areas of the body, but they do not surpass the femur in size or significance.

5. Which of the following is a common property of bases?

• A. Conductivity in aqueous solutions
• B. Sour taste
• C. Reactivity with metals to produce hydrogen gas
• D. Turns red litmus paper blue

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Bases are substances that can accept protons or donate hydroxide ions in a chemical reaction. One common property of bases is that they turn red litmus paper blue. This is a classic test to distinguish between acids (which turn blue litmus paper red) and bases. Conductivity in aqueous solutions (Option A) is a property of both acids and bases, but not unique to bases alone. Sour taste (Option B) is a property commonly associated with acids, not bases. Reactivity with metals to produce hydrogen gas (Option C) is a property of acids, particularly strong acids, but not bases.

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