Nursing Elites

1. Which deadly disease was eliminated through an intensive vaccination program?

• A. AIDS
• B. Smallpox
• C. Diabetes type 1
• D. Rheumatoid arthritis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Smallpox was eradicated globally through an intensive vaccination program. The World Health Organization (WHO) led a successful global campaign to vaccinate people against smallpox, ultimately leading to its eradication in 1980. AIDS, diabetes type 1, and rheumatoid arthritis are serious conditions, but they were not eliminated through vaccination programs like smallpox. Therefore, the correct answer is B, Smallpox. AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and remains a significant global health issue. Diabetes type 1 is an autoimmune condition where the body attacks insulin-producing cells, leading to high blood sugar levels. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition that primarily affects the joints, causing inflammation and pain.

2. Which of the following is NOT a property of a catalyst?

• A. Increases the rate of a reaction
• B. Remains unchanged after the reaction
• C. Lowers the activation energy
• D. Creates new products

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. It remains unchanged after the reaction, which eliminates option B. A catalyst works by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur, which eliminates option C. A catalyst does not create new products in a reaction; it only facilitates the conversion of reactants into products more efficiently. Therefore, option D is NOT a property of a catalyst.

3. Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?

• A. Cerebrum
• B. Cerebellum
• C. Medulla
• D. Thalamus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The cerebellum is the correct answer as it is the part of the brain responsible for controlling balance and coordination in the body. It receives input from various parts of the brain, spinal cord, and sensory systems to help coordinate voluntary movements. The cerebrum (choice A) is mainly involved in higher brain functions such as thinking, decision-making, and voluntary movements but not specifically balance and coordination. The medulla (choice C) is essential for functions like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure regulation but not primarily for balance and coordination. The thalamus (choice D) acts as a relay station for sensory information but is not primarily responsible for balance and coordination.

4. Positron emission tomography (PET) scans utilize a key property of positrons for medical imaging. What is this property?

• A. High mass
• B. Positive charge
• C. Extreme stability
• D. Identical behavior to electrons

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Positron emission tomography (PET) scans utilize the property of positrons having a positive charge. Positrons are the antimatter counterpart of electrons, having the same mass but opposite charge. When a positron collides with an electron, they annihilate each other, producing gamma rays that can be detected by the PET scanner to create images of the body's internal structures and functions. Choice A is incorrect because positrons have the same mass as electrons. Choice C is incorrect as positrons are not extremely stable due to their tendency to annihilate when they encounter electrons. Choice D is incorrect as positrons exhibit different behavior than electrons due to their opposite charges.

5. Which of the following scenarios represents an example of static friction?

• A. Sliding a heavy box across the floor
• B. A car moving around a curve
• C. Pushing a stationary object
• D. Braking a car to stop

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Static friction occurs when two surfaces are in contact but not moving relative to each other. Pushing a stationary object involves static friction as you apply a force to overcome the friction keeping the object stationary. Choices A, B, and D involve kinetic friction, which occurs when two surfaces are moving relative to each other. Option A involves moving the box across the floor, which is an example of kinetic friction. Option B involves the movement of a car around a curve, which also relates to kinetic friction due to the relative movement between the tires and the road. Option D describes braking a car to stop, where the moving car's wheels interact with the road, creating kinetic friction to slow down and stop the car.

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