ATI TEAS 7
TEAS 7 science practice
1. What happens to the work done on an object when the angle between the force and displacement is 90 degrees?
- A. Maximum work is done
- B. No work is done
- C. Minimum work is done
- D. Work is infinite
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When the angle between the force and displacement is 90 degrees, the work done is given by the formula W = F * d * cos(theta), where theta is the angle between the force and displacement vectors. Since cos(90 degrees) = 0, the work done becomes zero. This means that no work is done on the object when the angle between the force and displacement is 90 degrees. Choice A is incorrect because maximum work is done when the force and displacement are in the same direction (theta = 0 degrees). Choice C is incorrect as minimum work is done when the force and displacement are parallel (theta = 0 degrees), not perpendicular. Choice D is incorrect because work cannot be infinite; it depends on the force, displacement, and the cosine of the angle between them.
2. What is the process of making copies of RNA from DNA called?
- A. Replication
- B. Transcription
- C. Translation
- D. DNA repair
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Transcription is the correct answer. Transcription is the process of making copies of RNA from DNA. During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a specific region of DNA and synthesizes a complementary RNA strand based on the DNA template. This process is essential for gene expression and protein synthesis in cells. Replication (option A) refers to the process of making copies of DNA, not RNA. Translation (option C) is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA, not making copies of RNA from DNA. DNA repair (option D) involves mechanisms that cells use to repair damaged DNA, not the process of making RNA copies from DNA.
3. During normal breathing, which muscle is the primary driver of inhalation by contracting and flattening to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity?
- A. Diaphragm
- B. Intercostal muscles
- C. Abdominal muscles
- D. Pectoral muscles
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The diaphragm is the primary muscle responsible for inhalation during normal breathing. When it contracts, it flattens, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating a negative pressure that allows air to flow into the lungs. Intercostal muscles also play a role in expanding the chest cavity during inhalation, but the diaphragm is the main driver of the process. Abdominal muscles are primarily involved in exhalation by pushing the diaphragm upward to expel air from the lungs. Pectoral muscles are involved in movements of the arms and shoulders, not in breathing, making them incorrect choices for this question.
4. What is the term for a substance that can act as both a proton donor and a proton acceptor?
- A. Acid
- B. Base
- C. Amphiprotic
- D. Neutral
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Amphiprotic substances are those that can both donate and accept protons. They possess characteristics of both acids and bases, making them capable of acting as proton donors and proton acceptors. Choices A and B represent substances that are specific to either donating or accepting protons. Choice D does not describe a substance's ability to donate or accept protons since neutrality does not inherently involve proton donation or acceptance.
5. Which type of capillary is the most permeable?
- A. Continuous capillaries
- B. Sinusoidal capillaries
- C. Fenestrated capillaries
- D. Vascular capillaries
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Sinusoidal capillaries are indeed the most permeable type. They are characterized by large gaps between endothelial cells, allowing for the passage of large molecules and cells. These capillaries are commonly found in organs like the liver, bone marrow, and spleen where high permeability is required for specialized functions such as filtration and exchange of substances. Continuous capillaries have tight junctions and are the least permeable, found in muscles, lungs, and the central nervous system where strict control over permeability is needed. Fenestrated capillaries, on the other hand, have small pores or fenestrations and are intermediate in permeability, found in organs like the kidneys, endocrine glands, and intestines where selective permeability is necessary. Vascular capillaries is not a specific type of capillary and is not a valid choice.
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