Nursing Elites

1. What property of a substance refers to its ability to undergo a chemical change and form new substances?

• A. Density
• B. Mass
• C. Reactivity
• D. Volume

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Reactivity is the property of a substance that describes its ability to undergo a chemical change and form new substances. Density (A), mass (B), and volume (D) are physical properties of a substance and do not directly relate to its ability to undergo chemical changes. Density is the measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume, mass is the amount of matter in an object, and volume is the amount of space an object occupies. Therefore, reactivity (C) is the correct answer as it specifically addresses the substance's ability to undergo chemical changes.

2. Which mineral is essential for muscle function and nerve transmission?

• A. Calcium
• B. Iron
• C. Sodium
• D. Potassium

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Potassium is the correct answer as it is essential for muscle function and nerve transmission. Potassium plays a crucial role in regulating muscle contractions, including the heart's beating, and is vital for transmitting electrical signals within the nervous system. Calcium (Choice A) is important for muscle contraction but is not the primary mineral for nerve transmission. Iron (Choice B) is important for oxygen transport in the blood. Sodium (Choice C) is important for fluid balance but is not primarily responsible for muscle function and nerve transmission.

3. What is the main function of the skeletal system?

• A. To regulate blood pressure
• B. To protect internal organs
• C. To produce hormones
• D. To fight infection

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The main function of the skeletal system is to provide structural support for the body, protect internal organs, facilitate movement, and produce blood cells in the bone marrow. Choice A, 'To regulate blood pressure,' is incorrect as blood pressure regulation is primarily controlled by the circulatory and endocrine systems. Choice C, 'To produce hormones,' is incorrect as hormone production is mainly carried out by the endocrine system. Choice D, 'To fight infection,' is incorrect as the immune system is responsible for fighting infections, not the skeletal system.

4. What is glucagon, where is it produced, and what is its function?

• A. Produced in the liver, releases glucose
• B. Produced in the pancreas, raises blood sugar
• C. Produced in the pancreas, lowers blood sugar
• D. Produced in the adrenal glands, regulates stress response

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Glucagon is a hormone produced in the pancreas and functions to raise blood sugar levels. It does so by signaling the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream. Therefore, the correct answer is B, 'Produced in the pancreas, raises blood sugar.' Choices A, C, and D describe functions or locations of other hormones, not glucagon. Glucagon is specifically released by alpha cells in the pancreas, making option B the correct choice.

5. The shimmering image of water seen on a hot road is a well-known example of:

• A. Reflection
• B. Refraction
• C. Interference
• D. Polarization

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The shimmering image of water seen on a hot road is a result of refraction, not reflection. Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another of different optical density. In this case, the hot air just above the road has a different density than the cooler air above it, causing light to bend and create the illusion of water on the road. Refraction is the most suitable explanation for this phenomenon, as it involves the bending of light rays due to the change in the medium's optical density, producing the visual effect observed on the hot road. Reflection, interference, and polarization do not involve the bending of light due to changes in optical density and are not applicable to the scenario described on the hot road.

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