Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary organ responsible for filtering urine?

• A. Kidneys
• B. Bladder
• C. Ureters
• D. Urethra

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Kidneys. The kidneys are the primary organs responsible for filtering urine. They filter waste products and excess substances from the blood to produce urine. Subsequently, urine travels from the kidneys through the ureters to the bladder. The bladder temporarily stores urine until it is expelled from the body through the urethra. The bladder's function is storage, the ureters transport urine, and the urethra is the exit pathway for urine expulsion. Therefore, the kidneys play a vital role in the filtration and production of urine within the urinary system.

2. What units of measurement would a triple beam balance show?

• A. Liters
• B. Grams
• C. Meters
• D. Gallons

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A triple beam balance is used to measure mass, typically in grams. Liters, meters, and gallons are units of volume, length, and capacity, respectively, not typically measured using a triple beam balance. Therefore, the correct answer is grams. Choice A, Liters, is a unit of volume. Choice C, Meters, is a unit of length. Choice D, Gallons, is a unit of capacity. These units are not typically measured using a triple beam balance.

3. Which structure helps regulate body temperature by constricting or dilating in response to temperature changes?

• A. Sebaceous glands
• B. Hair follicles
• C. Sweat glands
• D. Langerhans cells

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Sweat glands play a crucial role in regulating body temperature by producing sweat that evaporates from the skin surface. This evaporation cools the body when it is hot and helps to maintain a stable internal temperature. Sebaceous glands produce oil to lubricate the skin, hair follicles are responsible for hair growth, and Langerhans cells are a type of immune cell in the skin. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Sweat glands' as they are specifically designed to respond to temperature changes by constricting or dilating to help regulate body temperature.

4. What type of vessel carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to other tissues of the body?

• A. Veins
• B. Intestines
• C. Bronchioles
• D. Arteries

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to supply oxygen to the tissues and organs throughout the body. Veins, choice A, carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart, not oxygen-rich blood. Intestines, choice B, are part of the digestive system and do not play a role in carrying blood. Bronchioles, choice C, are small air passages in the lungs responsible for carrying air, not blood.

5. Which of the following is a strong acid?

• A. Acetic acid (CH₃COOH)
• B. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
• C. Citric acid
• D. Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid because it completely ionizes in water to produce hydrogen ions, leading to a high concentration of H⁺ ions in solution. This characteristic makes it a strong acid. Acetic acid (CH₃COOH), citric acid, and carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) are weak acids as they only partially ionize in water, resulting in a lower concentration of H⁺ ions compared to strong acids. Therefore, hydrochloric acid is the correct choice as a strong acid.

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