Nursing Elites

1. What mineral is essential for muscle function and can cause cramps if deficient?

• A. Sodium
• B. Calcium
• C. Potassium
• D. Magnesium

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Potassium is essential for muscle function, including muscle contraction. A deficiency in potassium can lead to muscle weakness and cramps. While sodium, calcium, and magnesium are also important minerals for muscle function, potassium is specifically known for its role in preventing muscle cramps by regulating muscle contractions and nerve signals.

2. What characteristic unites all organisms in the kingdom Animalia?

• A. Multicellularity and heterotrophy
• B. Unicellular nature
• C. Photosynthesis
• D. Cell walls made of chitin

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A) Multicellularity and heterotrophy: This is the correct answer because all organisms in the kingdom Animalia are multicellular (composed of multiple cells) and exhibit heterotrophy (obtain nutrients by consuming other organisms). B) Unicellular nature: This is incorrect because organisms in the kingdom Animalia are multicellular, not unicellular. C) Photosynthesis: This is incorrect because organisms in the kingdom Animalia do not perform photosynthesis; they are heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by consuming other organisms. D) Cell walls made of chitin: This is incorrect because organisms in the kingdom Animalia do not have cell walls made of chitin. Chitin is a structural polysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi, not animals.

3. What is the process of converting light energy into chemical energy called?

• A. Respiration
• B. Fermentation
• C. Photosynthesis
• D. Hydrolysis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: - Respiration (Option A) is the process by which cells break down glucose to release energy. - Fermentation (Option B) is an anaerobic process that also involves the breakdown of glucose to release energy. - Hydrolysis (Option D) is a chemical process that involves the breakdown of molecules by adding water. Photosynthesis (Option C) is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. During photosynthesis, plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen. This process is essential for the survival of plants and ultimately sustains life on Earth by providing oxygen for other organisms to breathe and serving as a source of energy in the food chain.

4. What is the difference between a real image and a virtual image formed by a lens?

• A. Real images can be projected onto a screen, while virtual images cannot.
• B. Real images are always upright, while virtual images can be inverted.
• C. Real images are formed by converging lenses, while virtual images are formed by diverging lenses.
• D. All of the above are true.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Real images can be projected onto a screen because they are formed by the actual convergence of light rays, while virtual images cannot be projected onto a screen as they appear to diverge from a point behind the lens. Real and virtual images do not have a consistent orientation (upright or inverted), so option B is incorrect. Real images are formed by both converging and diverging lenses depending on the specific scenario, so option C is not a definitive distinction. Option D is incorrect as not all the statements are true. Therefore, the only accurate general distinction between real and virtual images is that real images can be projected onto a screen, while virtual images cannot.

5. Which of the following is an example of a polymer?

• A. Methane
• B. Ethanol
• C. Polyethylene
• D. Acetic acid

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Polyethylene. Polyethylene is a polymer composed of a large number of repeating ethylene units linked together, forming a long-chain molecule, characteristic of polymers. Methane, ethanol, and acetic acid are small organic molecules that do not demonstrate the repeating unit structure typical of polymers. Therefore, they are not examples of polymers.

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