Nursing Elites

1. What is the waste product of protein digestion?

• A. Glucose
• B. Amino acids
• C. Fatty acids
• D. Ammonia

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The waste product of protein digestion is ammonia. Protein digestion breaks down proteins into amino acids, and during this process, ammonia is produced. Ammonia is toxic and needs to be converted into urea in the liver for excretion via urine. Glucose is a product of carbohydrate digestion, amino acids are building blocks of proteins, and fatty acids are the end products of fat digestion. Therefore, the correct answer is ammonia.

2. Based on the results that were stated, what would be a logical reason for some of the plants dying with the salt solution?

• A. Salt caused the plants to begin to dry up, leading to their death.
• B. The salt did not affect the plants.
• C. The salt provided adequate nutrients for growth.
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The most logical reason for some of the plants dying with the salt solution could be that salt caused the plants to begin to dry up, leading to their death. Excessive salt can disrupt the osmotic balance within plants, causing dehydration and ultimately death. Salt can create a hypertonic environment, drawing water out of plant cells and causing wilting and damage. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the presence of salt could have dried out some of the plants and caused them to die. Choices B and C are incorrect as the scenario presented indicates that the salt had a negative impact on the plants, causing some to die. Choice D is also incorrect as there is a valid reason provided for the plants dying due to the salt solution.

3. What is the small repeating unit in the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle?

• A. Myofibril
• B. Actin
• C. Sarcomere
• D. Myosin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Sarcomere.' The sarcomere is the smallest repeating unit within myofibrils and is responsible for muscle contraction in skeletal muscle. It consists of overlapping actin and myosin filaments arranged in a highly organized structure that allows for the sliding of filaments during muscle contraction. 'Myofibril' (choice A) is incorrect because it is a larger structure composed of sarcomeres. 'Actin' (choice B) and 'Myosin' (choice D) are incorrect as they are individual proteins that are components of the sarcomere, not the smallest repeating unit itself.

4. What is the common name for the compound CH₃COOH?

• A. Acetic acid
• B. Formic acid
• C. Butyric acid
• D. Propionic acid

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The compound CH₃COOH is commonly known as acetic acid. Acetic acid is a clear, colorless liquid with a sour taste and a pungent smell. It is a weak acid found in vinegar and is used in the production of various chemicals. Formic acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid are different organic acids with distinct chemical structures and properties, but they are not the common name for the compound CH₃COOH.

5. Where is the scaphoid bone located in the body?

• A. Wrist
• B. Shoulder
• C. Spine
• D. Face

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Wrist. The scaphoid bone is one of the carpal bones located in the wrist. It is a small boat-shaped bone that is frequently involved in wrist injuries, such as falls onto an outstretched hand resulting in a scaphoid fracture. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the scaphoid bone is not located in the shoulder, spine, or face. Understanding the anatomical location of bones is crucial for diagnosing and treating injuries accurately.

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