Nursing Elites

1. What is the unit of measurement for power?

• A. Joule (J)
• B. Newton (N)
• C. Watt (W)
• D. Kilogram-meter (kg·m)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. The unit of measurement for power is the watt (W), named after James Watt, the inventor of the steam engine. The watt is defined as one joule per second, where a joule (J) is the unit of energy. Choice A, Joule (J), is incorrect because a joule is a unit of energy, not power. Choice B, Newton (N), is incorrect as a Newton is a unit of force, not power. Choice D, Kilogram-meter (kg·m), is incorrect as it represents a unit of torque, not power. Therefore, the correct answer is C: Watt (W).

2. Which of the following is an example of the location and function of cartilage in the body?

• A. The dense connective tissue that makes up the majority of the structural skeleton
• B. The supportive pads that provide cushioning at joints, such as between the vertebrae of the spinal cord
• C. The connective structure made of fibrous collagen that connects muscles and bones
• D. The layer beneath the skin and on the outside of internal organs that provides cushioning and protection

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cartilage is a type of flexible connective tissue that acts as supportive pads providing cushioning at joints, like those found between the vertebrae of the spine. This specific function of cartilage helps in reducing friction and absorbing shock in these areas, contributing to joint flexibility and protection. Choices A, C, and D do not accurately describe the function and location of cartilage in the body. Option A incorrectly refers to dense connective tissue, which is different from cartilage. Option C describes tendons or ligaments, which are not cartilage. Option D refers to adipose tissue, which is a type of connective tissue that stores fat and provides insulation, but it is not cartilage.

3. In the context of the cardiac cycle, what does the P wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represent?

• A. Atrial depolarization
• B. Ventricular depolarization
• C. Atrial repolarization
• D. Ventricular repolarization

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The P wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents atrial depolarization, which signifies the electrical activation of the atria as they prepare to contract. During the cardiac cycle, atrial depolarization occurs first, leading to atrial contraction. Ventricular depolarization is represented by the QRS complex, not the P wave. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the P wave specifically corresponds to atrial depolarization, not ventricular depolarization, atrial repolarization, or ventricular repolarization.

4. What is the approximate composition of blood?

• A. 45% plasma, 55% formed elements
• B. 55% plasma, 45% formed elements
• C. 55% water, 45% blood cells
• D. 45% water, 55% plasma

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Blood is composed of approximately 55% plasma (mostly water with proteins, electrolytes, and nutrients) and 45% formed elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets). Choice B is the correct answer. Choice A is incorrect as it reverses the percentages. Choice C is incorrect because it incorrectly states that blood cells make up 45% of blood, while they are part of the formed elements along with platelets. Choice D is incorrect as it suggests that water makes up 45% of blood, which is not accurate.

5. How will mildly elevated levels of thyroxine affect the heart rate?

• A. Stop the heart rate
• B. No effect
• C. Decrease the heart rate
• D. Increase the heart rate

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Mildly elevated levels of thyroxine will increase the heart rate. Thyroxine, a hormone produced by the thyroid gland, regulates metabolism. Elevated thyroxine levels can lead to increased metabolism, resulting in an elevated heart rate. Choice A is incorrect as mildly elevated thyroxine levels do not stop the heart rate. Choice B is incorrect because elevated thyroxine levels do have an effect on heart rate. Choice C is incorrect as elevated thyroxine levels typically lead to an increase rather than a decrease in heart rate.

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