Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is NOT a function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

• A. Synthesis of lipids (fats)
• B. Transport of materials within the cell
• C. Detoxification of harmful substances
• D. Breakdown of cellular waste products

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is not involved in the breakdown of cellular waste products; this function is primarily carried out by lysosomes. The ER is responsible for the synthesis of lipids (fats), transport of materials within the cell, and detoxification of harmful substances. Lysosomes are the organelles responsible for breaking down cellular waste products through processes like autophagy. Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it does not align with the known functions of the endoplasmic reticulum.

2. What is the medical term for an ingrown hair?

• A. Folliculitis
• B. Hirsutism
• C. Pseudofolliculitis Barbae
• D. Alopecia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Folliculitis. Folliculitis is the medical term for the inflammation of hair follicles, which can be caused by ingrown hairs. Hirsutism refers to excessive hair growth, pseudofolliculitis barbae is a condition where shaving causes ingrown hairs, and alopecia is hair loss. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not specifically refer to ingrown hairs.

3. A person pushes a box across a floor with a constant force. The box eventually comes to a stop due to friction. What happens to the work done by the person?

• A. It increases as the box moves further.
• B. It decreases as the box slows down.
• C. It remains constant throughout the motion.
• D. It becomes zero once the box stops.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Work done is defined as the product of the force applied and the distance moved in the direction of the force. In this scenario, when the box comes to a stop, the displacement becomes zero, leading to zero work done by the person. Choice A is incorrect as the work done is not increasing, but rather decreasing as the box slows down. Choice B is incorrect because the work done does not decrease as the box slows down; it becomes zero when the box stops. Choice C is incorrect as the work done is not constant but decreases to zero when the box stops.

4. How does urine flow through the urethra?

• A. Continuously
• B. Only when the bladder is completely full
• C. Under voluntary control of sphincter muscles
• D. A combination of B and C

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Urine flows through the urethra under voluntary control of sphincter muscles. These muscles can be consciously contracted or relaxed to control the flow of urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. Choice A is incorrect as urine flow is not continuous but rather regulated. Choice B is incorrect because urine flow is not restricted to only when the bladder is completely full. Choice D is incorrect as it inaccurately combines the two incorrect statements of choices B and C.

5. Which property of matter remains constant regardless of changes in gravity?

• A. Mass
• B. Weight
• C. Volume
• D. Density

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object and remains constant regardless of changes in gravity. Weight, on the other hand, is the force of gravity acting on an object and can vary depending on the strength of gravity. Volume is the amount of space an object occupies, and density is the mass per unit volume of a substance, both of which can change with changes in gravity. Therefore, mass is the property that remains the same regardless of variations in gravitational force. Choice B, Weight, changes with gravity as it is a force dependent on gravity. Choices C and D, Volume and Density, can be affected by changes in gravity as they are related to the space an object occupies and the mass per unit volume, respectively.

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