Nursing Elites

1. What is the term for the process of exchanging gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the blood and the tissues?

• A. Inhalation
• B. Exhalation
• C. External respiration
• D. Internal respiration

Correct answer: C

Rationale: External respiration is the correct term for the process of exchanging gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the blood and the tissues. It specifically refers to the exchange of gases that occurs in the lungs, where oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is released from the bloodstream to be exhaled. Inhalation and exhalation, choices A and B, are phases of the breathing process that involve the intake and expulsion of air into and out of the lungs, respectively. Internal respiration, choice D, is the process of gas exchange that happens at the cellular level between the blood and body tissues, not between the blood and the lungs or tissues as in external respiration. Therefore, external respiration is the most appropriate term for the described gas exchange process in the question.

2. Which of the following accurately describes the measurements?

• A. They are both accurate and precise.
• B. They are accurate but not precise.
• C. They are precise but not accurate.
• D. They are neither accurate nor precise.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the true or accepted value, while precision refers to how close individual measurements are to each other. If the measurements are accurate but not precise, it means they consistently hit the target value but may vary in terms of how closely grouped they are. Choice B, 'They are accurate but not precise,' correctly describes the scenario where the measurements are on target but not consistently close to each other. Choice A is incorrect because it implies both accuracy and precision, which is not the case here. Choice C is incorrect because it suggests precision without accuracy, while choice D is incorrect as it indicates neither accuracy nor precision, which is not a typical scenario for measurements.

3. Which sexually transmitted infection (STI) can potentially cause infertility in both men and women if left untreated?

• A. Human papillomavirus (HPV)
• B. Chlamydia
• C. Gonorrhea
• D. Syphilis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Chlamydia is the correct answer because if left untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women and epididymitis in men, both of which can cause infertility. Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection that often presents with no symptoms, making it important for individuals to get tested regularly, especially if they are sexually active. It is crucial to detect and treat Chlamydia early to prevent long-term consequences such as infertility. Human papillomavirus (HPV) can lead to genital warts and certain types of cancer but is not typically associated with infertility. Gonorrhea and syphilis can cause serious health problems if untreated, but infertility is more commonly associated with Chlamydia.

4. The outermost layer of your skin, responsible for waterproofing and providing a barrier against pathogens, is the:

• A. Stratum basale (Basal layer)
• B. Stratum corneum
• C. Stratum granulosum
• D. Stratum spinosum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stratum corneum. The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis, consisting of dead skin cells that are constantly shed and replaced. It serves as a protective barrier against pathogens and helps to prevent water loss from the body. Choice A, Stratum basale, is the deepest layer of the epidermis where new skin cells are produced. Choice C, Stratum granulosum, is a layer of the epidermis where the cells begin to flatten and lose their nuclei. Choice D, Stratum spinosum, is a layer of the epidermis where cells become irregular in shape and have spiny projections.

5. Which of the following is a unit of work and energy?

• A. Pascal (Pa)
• B. Kilowatt-hour (kWh)
• C. Coulomb (C)
• D. Tesla (T)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'B: Kilowatt-hour (kWh).' The kilowatt-hour is a unit commonly used to measure electricity consumption, representing energy usage over time. A Pascal (Pa) is a unit of pressure, Coulomb (C) is a unit of electric charge, and Tesla (T) is a unit of magnetic flux density. Therefore, the kilowatt-hour is the appropriate unit for measuring work and energy in this context.

Similar Questions