Nursing Elites

1. What is the scientific term for a muscle that helps another muscle perform its action?

• A. Agonist
• B. Antagonist
• C. Synergist
• D. Fixator

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A synergist is a muscle that assists the agonist, the primary muscle responsible for a specific movement, in performing that movement. Synergists stabilize joints and provide additional support to the prime mover muscle, enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of the movement. Choice A, Agonist, refers to the muscle primarily responsible for a specific movement. Choice B, Antagonist, refers to a muscle that opposes the action of the agonist. Choice D, Fixator, refers to a muscle that stabilizes the origin of the prime mover muscle, maintaining the desired position during movement.

2. What is the main purpose of biological classification?

• A. To create a rigid and unchanging system for labeling organisms
• B. To understand the diversity and interconnectedness of life
• C. To simplify nature into neat and tidy categories
• D. To assign organisms to specific ecological niches

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Biological classification, also known as taxonomy, is the science of categorizing and organizing living organisms based on shared characteristics. The main purpose of biological classification is not to create a rigid and unchanging system (option A) or to simplify nature into neat and tidy categories (option C). Instead, it aims to help us understand the diversity of life on Earth and how different organisms are related to each other. By classifying organisms into groups based on their evolutionary relationships, we can gain insights into the interconnectedness of life and better appreciate the complexity and beauty of the natural world. Assigning organisms to specific ecological niches (option D) is more related to ecological studies rather than biological classification.

3. What is the term used to describe the inability of the kidneys to effectively filter waste products from the blood?

• A. Dehydration
• B. Kidney failure
• C. Incontinence
• D. Nephritis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Kidney failure is the term used to describe the inability of the kidneys to effectively filter waste products from the blood. Dehydration refers to insufficient fluid intake and not the kidney's filtering function. Incontinence is the loss of bladder control, not related to kidney filtration. Nephritis is the inflammation of the kidneys, not specifically related to the kidneys' inability to filter waste products.

4. The adrenal cortex produces a group of steroid hormones called corticosteroids. What is a MAJOR function of corticosteroids?

• A. Regulate insulin sensitivity and blood sugar levels
• B. Control blood pressure and electrolyte balance
• C. Stimulate the immune system and inflammatory response
• D. Promote growth and development during puberty

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Corticosteroids, produced by the adrenal cortex, primarily function to control blood pressure and electrolyte balance. One of the key corticosteroids, aldosterone, plays a crucial role in regulating sodium and potassium levels in the body. This regulation is essential for maintaining blood pressure and electrolyte balance. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because corticosteroids do not primarily regulate insulin sensitivity and blood sugar levels, stimulate the immune system and inflammatory response, or promote growth and development during puberty. While corticosteroids can have effects on insulin sensitivity, immune response, and growth, their major role is in maintaining blood pressure and electrolyte balance.

5. In a scientific investigation, what is the first step?

• A. Analysis of results
• B. Drawing conclusions
• C. Formation of hypothesis
• D. Performing the experiment

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Formation of hypothesis. In a scientific investigation, forming a hypothesis is the initial step. A hypothesis is an educated guess or prediction based on existing knowledge and observations. It helps guide the experiment and provides a direction for the research process. Without a hypothesis, there is no specific aim or goal for the experiment. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they occur after the formation of a hypothesis. Analysis of results and drawing conclusions typically come after the experiment has been conducted, while performing the experiment is done to test the hypothesis formed at the beginning of the investigation.

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