Nursing Elites

1. What is the scientific name for the building blocks of proteins?

• A. Residues
• B. Monomers
• C. Macromolecules
• D. Peptides

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: - Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids. - Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are considered monomers. - Monomers are the individual units that can be linked together to form larger molecules called polymers. - In the context of proteins, amino acids are the monomers that are linked together through peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains, which then fold into functional proteins. - Residues refer to the specific amino acids within a protein after certain modifications or cleavages have occurred, so it is not the correct term for the building blocks of proteins. - Macromolecules are large molecules made up of smaller subunits, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, but they are not the specific building blocks of proteins. - Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, but they are not the fundamental building blocks of proteins.

2. Which of the following correctly describes a strong acid?

• A. A strong acid completely ionizes in water.
• B. A strong acid donates more than one proton.
• C. A strong acid contains at least one metal atom.
• D. A strong acid will not decompose.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. A strong acid is defined as an acid that completely ionizes in water, meaning it dissociates fully into its constituent ions in solution. This characteristic differentiates strong acids from weak acids, which do not fully dissociate in water. Choice B is incorrect because the number of protons donated does not solely define the strength of an acid. Choice C is incorrect as strong acids are not defined by the presence of metal atoms, and Choice D is incorrect because all acids can decompose, but the strength of the acid is based on its ability to ionize in water.

3. What is the primary cause of acne vulgaris, commonly known as acne?

• A. Dry skin
• B. Clogged pores and excess oil production
• C. Bacterial infection alone
• D. Vitamin deficiency

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary cause of acne vulgaris is clogged pores and excess oil production. Acne develops when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells, creating an environment for bacteria to thrive, leading to inflammation and acne breakouts. While dry skin, bacterial infection alone, and vitamin deficiency can contribute to acne, they are not the main underlying cause. Therefore, the correct answer is clogged pores and excess oil production, as they form the basis for the development of acne vulgaris.

4. What is the term for the mixture of reactants and products present during a chemical reaction?

• A. Solution
• B. Mixture
• C. Reaction mixture
• D. Precipitate

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The term 'reaction mixture' is used to describe the combination of both reactants and products that exist simultaneously during a chemical reaction. It encompasses not only the initial substances (reactants) but also the resulting compounds (products) formed throughout the reaction process. Choice A, 'Solution,' typically refers to a homogenous mixture where one substance is dissolved in another. Choice B, 'Mixture,' is a general term that does not specifically indicate the mix of reactants and products in a chemical reaction. Choice D, 'Precipitate,' specifically refers to the solid formed when two solutions react and a solid compound is produced.

5. What happens to the potential energy of an object when it is lifted higher above the ground?

• A. Potential energy decreases
• B. Potential energy remains the same
• C. Potential energy increases
• D. Potential energy becomes zero

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When an object is lifted higher above the ground, its potential energy increases. This is because the higher the object is lifted, the greater its potential energy due to the increased distance from the ground. The formula for gravitational potential energy is PE = mgh, where m is the mass of the object, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height above the reference point. Therefore, as the height (h) increases, the potential energy (PE) also increases, making choice C the correct answer. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because when an object is lifted higher, it gains potential energy rather than losing it, keeping it the same, or becoming zero. Thus, the correct answer is that the potential energy of an object increases when it is lifted higher above the ground.

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