Nursing Elites

1. What is the process of cells restoring damaged or lost tissues called?

• A. Cell division
• B. Cell differentiation
• C. Cell growth
• D. Cell regeneration

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) Cell division refers to the process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells. B) Cell differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized for specific functions. C) Cell growth is the increase in cell size or number. D) Cell regeneration is the process of cells restoring damaged or lost tissues by replacing or repairing the damaged cells. This process is essential for healing wounds and maintaining tissue integrity.

2. Which of the following is NOT part of the circulatory system?

• A. Kidneys
• B. Heart
• C. Blood
• D. Blood vessels

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Kidneys. The kidneys are part of the urinary system, responsible for filtering waste and maintaining fluid balance in the body. In the circulatory system, the heart pumps blood, blood carries oxygen and nutrients, and blood vessels transport blood throughout the body. Choices B, C, and D are all components of the circulatory system, making the kidneys the correct choice as it belongs to the urinary system.

3. Which property remains constant despite possible changes to the element?

• A. Atomic number
• B. Number of electrons
• C. Atomic mass
• D. Isotopic form

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Atomic number' (A). The atomic number of an element remains constant as it defines the number of protons in the nucleus, which does not change despite various chemical reactions or physical processes affecting the element. The number of protons in the nucleus determines the identity of the element, and this fundamental property remains unchanged even if the element undergoes chemical reactions, forms ions, or changes its physical state. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the number of electrons (B) can change in chemical reactions, atomic mass (C) can vary with isotopes, and isotopic form (D) refers to variations in the number of neutrons in the nucleus, which can result in different isotopes of an element.

4. Which type of joint allows for the most movement?

• A. Ball-and-socket joint (shoulder)
• B. Hinge joint (elbow)
• C. Fibrocartilaginous joint (wrists)
• D. Suture joint (skull)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ball-and-socket joint (shoulder). Ball-and-socket joints, exemplified by the shoulder joint, provide the widest range of movement among joint types. These joints facilitate flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation, allowing for versatile mobility. In a ball-and-socket joint, the rounded end of one bone fits into the socket of another bone, enabling extensive motion capabilities. Choice B, Hinge joint (elbow), allows movement in one plane, limiting its range compared to ball-and-socket joints. Choice C, Fibrocartilaginous joint (wrists), like the intervertebral discs, is meant for stability rather than extensive movement. Choice D, Suture joint (skull), found in the skull bones, is immovable and provides structural support rather than movement.

5. What is the function of the lymphatic system?

• A. To transport oxygen
• B. To filter waste from the blood
• C. To produce red blood cells
• D. To regulate body temperature

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To filter waste from the blood.' The lymphatic system is responsible for draining excess fluid from tissues, absorbing fats from the digestive system, and filtering out harmful substances and waste products from the blood. It also plays a crucial role in the body's immune defense by transporting white blood cells and antibodies to fight off infections. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because transporting oxygen, producing red blood cells, and regulating body temperature are functions performed by other systems in the body, such as the respiratory system, bone marrow, and thermoregulatory mechanisms, respectively.

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