Nursing Elites

1. What is the pH of acids?

• A. 7.5
• B. < 7
• C. > 7
• D. 7

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: < 7. Acids have a pH lower than 7, indicating higher acidity. A pH below 7 signifies an acidic solution, with lower values indicating stronger acids. Choice A (7.5) is incorrect as it is greater than 7, which is alkaline. Choice C (> 7) is incorrect as values greater than 7 represent alkaline/basic solutions. Choice D (7) is incorrect because a pH of 7 is neutral, not acidic.

2. What are the three types of intermolecular forces?

• A. Ionic, covalent, hydrogen
• B. Hydrogen bonding, dipole interactions, dispersion forces
• C. Van der Waals, ionic, covalent
• D. Hydrogen, Van der Waals, dispersion forces

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The three types of intermolecular forces are hydrogen bonding, dipole interactions, and dispersion forces. Option A includes ionic and covalent bonds, which are intramolecular forces, not intermolecular. Option C includes van der Waals forces, which encompass dipole interactions and dispersion forces, but also includes ionic and covalent bonds. Option D is close but misses dipole interactions, which are distinct from hydrogen bonding and dispersion forces. Therefore, option B is the correct choice as it includes the three specific types of intermolecular forces.

3. Which classification best describes B, Si, As, Te, At, Ge, and Sb that form a staircase pattern on the right side of the periodic table?

• A. Metals
• B. Semimetals
• C. Nonmetals
• D. Ultrametals

Correct answer: B

Rationale: B, Si, As, Te, At, Ge, and Sb are located in a staircase pattern on the periodic table's right side. Elements in this region are known as metalloids or semimetals because they exhibit properties of both metals and nonmetals. They possess characteristics of both metallic and non-metallic elements, making them valuable semiconductors with diverse applications in electronics. Choice A is incorrect because these elements are not considered true metals. Choice C is incorrect as these elements do not display typical nonmetal properties exclusively. Choice D, 'Ultrametals,' is not a recognized classification in chemistry and is therefore incorrect.

4. What does the term amphoteric mean?

• A. A substance that only acts as a base
• B. A substance that can act as both a base and an acid
• C. A substance that only acts as an acid
• D. A substance that acts as neither a base nor an acid

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The term 'amphoteric' refers to substances that have the ability to act as both acids and bases depending on the surrounding conditions. This dual nature allows amphoteric substances to donate or accept protons, making them versatile in various chemical reactions. Choice A is incorrect because amphoteric substances can also act as acids. Choice C is incorrect as amphoteric substances can also act as bases. Choice D is incorrect as amphoteric substances can act as either a base or an acid.

5. To the nearest whole number, what is the mass of one mole of water?

• A. 16 g/mol
• B. 18 g/mol
• C. 20 g/mol
• D. 22 g/mol

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The molar mass of water (H₂O) is calculated by adding the atomic masses of two hydrogen atoms (each with a molar mass of approximately 1 g/mol) and one oxygen atom (with a molar mass of approximately 16 g/mol). Therefore, the molar mass of water is approximately 18 g/mol, making choice B the correct answer. Choice A (16 g/mol) is incorrect because it represents the molar mass of oxygen, not water. Choices C (20 g/mol) and D (22 g/mol) are incorrect as they do not correspond to the molar mass of water.

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