Nursing Elites

1. What is the correct formula for potassium chloride?

• A. NaCl
• B. KCl
• C. KCl
• D. ClK

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct formula for potassium chloride is KCl. In chemical formulas, the symbol for the cation (positive ion) comes first followed by the symbol for the anion (negative ion). Potassium is represented by the symbol K, while chloride is represented by the symbol Cl. Therefore, the formula for potassium chloride is KCl. Choice A (NaCl) is the formula for sodium chloride, not potassium chloride. Choice C is a duplicate of choice B, and choice D (ClK) is an incorrect arrangement of the symbols for potassium and chloride.

2. What is the molarity of a solution containing 45 moles of NaCl in 4 liters?

• A. 0.11 M NaCl
• B. 0.45 M NaCl
• C. 1.8 M NaCl
• D. 8.9 M NaCl

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To calculate the molarity of a solution, you use the formula: Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution. In this case, M = 45 moles / 4 L = 11.25 M. The correct answer is 0.11 M NaCl. Choice B is incorrect as it doesn't match the calculated value. Choice C is also incorrect as it is significantly higher than the correct molarity. Choice D is incorrect as it is excessively high compared to the calculated value.

3. What are neutral particles called?

• A. Neutrons
• B. Protons
• C. Electrons
• D. Cations

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Neutral particles, which have no electric charge, are known as neutrons. Neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom along with protons. Electrons carry a negative charge and orbit the nucleus. Cations are positively charged ions formed by losing electrons. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Neutrons' as they are the neutral particles in an atom, unlike protons, electrons, or cations.

4. What is a benefit of water's ability to make hydrogen bonds?

• A. Lack of cohesiveness
• B. Low surface tension
• C. Use as a nonpolar solvent
• D. High specific heat

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, high specific heat. Water's ability to form hydrogen bonds results in a high specific heat capacity, allowing it to absorb and release a large amount of heat energy with minimal temperature change. This property is essential for moderating temperature changes in organisms and maintaining stable environmental conditions for life processes. Choices A, lack of cohesiveness, and C, use as a nonpolar solvent, are incorrect. Water actually has high cohesiveness due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds, and it is a polar solvent, not nonpolar. Choice B, low surface tension, is also incorrect as water's hydrogen bonding contributes to its relatively high surface tension.

5. What can stop the penetration of gamma radiation?

• A. Aluminum foil
• B. Glass
• C. Several feet of concrete
• D. Piece of paper

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Gamma radiation is highly penetrative and requires dense materials to block it effectively. While aluminum foil and glass are not sufficient to stop gamma radiation, several feet of concrete is needed due to its high density and ability to absorb gamma radiation effectively. A piece of paper is too thin and lacks the density required to block gamma radiation, making it an ineffective shield.

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