Nursing Elites

1. What is the name of the bond formed when two atoms share electrons?

• A. Covalent bond
• B. Ionic bond
• C. Metallic bond
• D. Hydrogen bond

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons, creating a stable electron configuration. This sharing allows both atoms to achieve a full outer shell of electrons, leading to a stable molecule. In contrast, an ionic bond involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of ions with opposite charges. Metallic bonds are formed between metal atoms and involve a 'sea of electrons' that are delocalized and free to move. Hydrogen bonds are a type of intermolecular force, not a true chemical bond, and occur between a hydrogen atom and a highly electronegative atom like oxygen or nitrogen.

2. What are the three types of intermolecular forces?

• A. Ionic, covalent, hydrogen
• B. Hydrogen bonding, dipole interactions, dispersion forces
• C. Van der Waals, ionic, covalent
• D. Hydrogen, Van der Waals, dispersion forces

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The three types of intermolecular forces are hydrogen bonding, dipole interactions, and dispersion forces. Option A includes ionic and covalent bonds, which are intramolecular forces, not intermolecular. Option C includes van der Waals forces, which encompass dipole interactions and dispersion forces, but also includes ionic and covalent bonds. Option D is close but misses dipole interactions, which are distinct from hydrogen bonding and dispersion forces. Therefore, option B is the correct choice as it includes the three specific types of intermolecular forces.

3. Which two functional groups would you expect an amino acid to contain?

• A. R-NH2 and R-COOH
• B. R-CHO and R-CO-NH
• C. R-OH and R-COOR
• D. R-O-R and R-COOH

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Amino acids are organic compounds that are characterized by the presence of an amino group (NH2) and a carboxylic acid group (COOH) in their chemical structure. These two functional groups, found in option A, are fundamental components of amino acids and play crucial roles in their classification and biological functions. Option B contains an aldehyde group (CHO) and an amide group (CO-NH), which are not characteristic functional groups of amino acids. Option C includes a hydroxyl group (OH) and an ester group (COOR), which are not typically present in amino acids. Option D presents ether (R-O-R) and carboxylic acid (COOH) functional groups, which do not represent the functional groups commonly found in amino acids.

4. Identify the type of reaction shown: 8Fe + S → 8FeS

• A. Single displacement
• B. Double displacement
• C. Synthesis
• D. Acid-base

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The reaction shown (8Fe + S → 8FeS) is a synthesis reaction. In a synthesis reaction, two or more substances combine to form a single compound. In this case, iron (Fe) and sulfur (S) combine to form iron sulfide (FeS). The key characteristic of a synthesis reaction is the formation of a single product from multiple reactants, which aligns with the given chemical equation. Choice A, single displacement, involves an element displacing another in a compound, which is not the case here. Choice B, double displacement, involves the exchange of ions between two compounds, which is also not happening in this reaction. Choice D, acid-base, refers to reactions between an acid and a base to form salt and water, which is not the case in the given equation.

5. What is the name of the force that holds ionic compounds together?

• A. Covalent bonds
• B. Ionic bonds
• C. Hydrogen bonds
• D. Metallic bonds

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Ionic bonds are the forces that hold ionic compounds together. In ionic compounds, positively and negatively charged ions are held together by electrostatic forces of attraction, forming a stable structure. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, not the transfer of electrons like in ionic bonds. Hydrogen bonds are a type of intermolecular force, not the primary force in holding ionic compounds together. Metallic bonds are found in metals and involve a 'sea of electrons' that hold metal atoms together, different from the electrostatic attraction between ions in ionic compounds.

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