Nursing Elites

1. What is the pH of a neutral solution?

• A. 7
• B. 0
• C. 14
• D. 4

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 7. A neutral solution has a pH of 7. In the pH scale, values below 7 are acidic, 7 is neutral, and values above 7 are basic. Therefore, a solution with a pH of 7 is considered neutral as it is neither acidic nor basic. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because a pH of 0 indicates a strong acid, a pH of 14 indicates a strong base, and a pH of 4 indicates an acidic solution. None of these values represent a neutral solution.

2. What is the typical oxidation state of oxygen in most compounds?

• A. -1
• B. -2
• C. 0
• D. -3

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "-2". Oxygen usually exhibits an oxidation state of -2 in most compounds. This is due to oxygen's high electronegativity, which causes it to attract electrons, leading to the gain of two electrons in chemical reactions. Choice A (-1) is incorrect because oxygen rarely has an oxidation state of -1 in compounds. Choice C (0) is incorrect as oxygen does not usually have an oxidation state of zero in compounds. Choice D (-3) is incorrect as oxygen does not commonly have an oxidation state of -3 in compounds.

3. The three important allotropic forms of phosphorus are red, white, and ___________.

• A. green
• B. gray
• C. black
• D. silver

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The three important allotropic forms of phosphorus are red, white, and black. These forms indicate the different physical properties and reactivity of phosphorus under various conditions. Red phosphorus is more stable and less reactive than white phosphorus, while black phosphorus is the least reactive form. Choice C, 'black,' is the correct answer as it completes the sequence of allotropic forms of phosphorus. Choices A, 'green,' B, 'gray,' and D, 'silver,' are incorrect as they do not represent recognized forms of phosphorus.

4. What type of reactions take place in the nucleus to achieve stable nuclear configurations?

• A. Chemical
• B. Nuclear
• C. Physical
• D. Mechanical

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nuclear reactions occur within the nucleus to achieve stable nuclear configurations. These reactions involve changes in the composition of atomic nuclei, leading to the formation of more stable elements. Chemical reactions occur in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus, while physical and mechanical processes do not directly impact the stability of nuclear configurations. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Nuclear.'

5. The molar mass of glucose is 180 g/mol. If an IV solution contains 5 g of glucose in 100 g of water, what is the molarity of the solution?

• A. 0.28M
• B. 1.8M
• C. 2.8M
• D. 18M

Correct answer: C

Rationale: To calculate the molarity of the solution, we first need to determine the moles of solute (glucose) and solvent (water) separately. The molar mass of glucose is 180 g/mol. First, calculate the moles of glucose: 5 g / 180 g/mol = 0.02778 mol of glucose. Next, calculate the moles of water: 100 g / 18 g/mol = 5.56 mol of water. Now, calculate the total moles in the solution: 0.02778 mol glucose + 5.56 mol water = 5.5878 mol. Finally, calculate the molarity: Molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution. Since the total mass of the solution is 100 g + 5 g = 105 g = 0.105 kg, which is equal to 0.105 L, the molarity is 5.5878 mol / 0.105 L = 53.22 M, which rounds to 2.8M. Therefore, the correct answer is 2.8M. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the accurate molarity calculation based on the moles of solute and volume of the solution.

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