Nursing Elites

1. Which neurotransmitter is involved in muscle movement?

• A. Dopamine
• B. Acetylcholine
• C. Serotonin
• D. GABA

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter responsible for muscle movement. It is released from motor neurons at the neuromuscular junction and binds to receptors on muscle fibers, initiating muscle contraction. Dopamine, serotonin, and GABA serve different functions in the brain and body, such as regulating mood, sleep, and inhibitory signaling, respectively. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect in the context of muscle movement.

2. Select the subject with which the underlined verb must agree: 'Everyone I know has the day off, but my boss wants me to work.'

• A. Everyone
• B. I
• C. day
• D. boss

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'A: Everyone.' In the sentence, the verb 'has' must agree with the singular subject 'Everyone.' 'I,' 'day,' and 'boss' are not the subjects that the verb 'has' must agree with. 'I' is the object pronoun, 'day' is the object of the preposition 'off,' and 'boss' is part of the second clause and not the subject that governs the verb agreement in the first clause.

3. Half of a circular garden with a radius of 11.5 feet needs weeding. Find the area in square feet that needs weeding. Round to the nearest hundredth. Use 3.14 for π.

• A. 2.4
• B. 207.64
• C. 15.1
• D. 30.1

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The formula for the area of a full circle is calculated as Area = π × (radius²). When finding the area of half a circle, we multiply by 0.5. Thus, the formula becomes Area = 0.5 × π × (radius²). Given that the radius of the circular garden is 11.5 feet, the calculation using π = 3.14 is as follows: Area = 0.5 × 3.14 × (11.5²) = 0.5 × 3.14 × 132.25 = 0.5 × 415.27 = 207.64 square feet. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the correct calculation for finding the area of half a circular garden with a radius of 11.5 feet.

4. Which layer of the skin is responsible for new skin cell production?

• A. Stratum corneum
• B. Stratum basale
• C. Stratum granulosum
• D. Stratum spinosum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Stratum basale. The stratum basale, also known as the basal layer or stratum germinativum, is the deepest layer of the epidermis and is responsible for new skin cell production through cell division. It contains basal cells that continuously divide to produce new keratinocytes, which move up through the layers of the epidermis. Choice A, Stratum corneum, is the outermost layer of the epidermis consisting of dead cells filled with keratin. It serves a protective function but is not involved in new skin cell production. Choice C, Stratum granulosum, is a layer of the epidermis where keratinocytes undergo changes in their structure and composition. It is involved in the process of keratinization but not in new skin cell production. Choice D, Stratum spinosum, is a layer of the epidermis where cells become interconnected by desmosomes. While it plays a role in providing strength and support to the epidermis, it is not primarily responsible for new skin cell production.

5. Which of the following structures is located in the pelvic cavity?

• A. The kidneys
• B. The colon
• C. The bladder
• D. The rectum

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is the bladder. The bladder is situated in the pelvic cavity, specifically in the lower part of the abdomen. The kidneys are positioned higher up in the abdominal cavity, not in the pelvic region. The colon and rectum are part of the large intestine and are primarily located in the abdominal cavity, not the pelvic cavity. Therefore, the bladder is the only structure listed that is anatomically situated in the pelvic cavity.

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