the master gland of the endocrine system located at the base of the brain secretes various hormones that control other glands is the

ATI TEAS 7

TEAS 7 science practice

1. Which gland, often referred to as the 'master gland' of the endocrine system and located at the base of the brain, secretes various hormones that control other glands?

A. Thyroid gland
B. Pituitary gland
C. Adrenal gland
D. Pancreas

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The pituitary gland is correctly known as the 'master gland' of the endocrine system. It is situated at the base of the brain and plays a crucial role in secreting a variety of hormones that regulate the functions of other endocrine glands in the body. These hormones control growth, metabolism, reproduction, and various other essential bodily functions. The other choices, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, and pancreas, are incorrect as they do not serve as the 'master gland' of the endocrine system nor are located at the base of the brain like the pituitary gland.

2. Water is considered a universal solvent due to its ____.

A. Cohesion
B. Adhesion
C. Molarity
D. Dilution

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adhesion. Water's polarity allows it to dissolve many substances due to its ability to adhere to and interact with other molecules, making it an effective solvent. Cohesion refers to water molecules sticking together, molarity is a measure of concentration, and dilution refers to the process of reducing the concentration of a solute in a solution, none of which directly relate to water's role as a universal solvent.

3. Which term refers to a molecule of DNA and structural protein?

A. Lysosome
B. Centrosome
C. Chromosome
D. Genome

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chromosome. A chromosome is a structure composed of DNA and proteins that carries genetic information. It is the condensed form of DNA associated with structural proteins, not just a molecule of DNA or protein. Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes, not DNA and protein. Centrosomes are involved in cell division, not related to DNA and protein together. A genome refers to an organism's complete set of DNA, not specifically a molecule containing both DNA and structural protein.

4. What element has the atomic number 17?

A. Chlorine (Cl)
B. Nitrogen (N)
C. Sodium (Na)
D. Fluorine (F)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Chlorine (Cl). The atomic number of an element corresponds to the number of protons in its nucleus. Chlorine has an atomic number of 17, indicating it has 17 protons. Therefore, the element with atomic number 17 is Chlorine (Cl). Choice B, Nitrogen (N), has an atomic number of 7, Choice C, Sodium (Na), has an atomic number of 11, and Choice D, Fluorine (F), has an atomic number of 9. These elements do not match the atomic number 17, making them incorrect choices.

5. Which of the following is the main organ responsible for producing antibodies?

A. Thymus gland
B. Spleen
C. Bone marrow
D. Lymph nodes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Antibodies are proteins produced by specialized white blood cells called B lymphocytes (B cells). These B cells mature in the bone marrow, where they undergo a process of differentiation and maturation to become plasma cells that secrete antibodies. The bone marrow is the primary site for the production of B cells and antibodies in the immune system. The thymus gland is responsible for the maturation of T lymphocytes (T cells), not antibody production. The spleen and lymph nodes play roles in filtering and trapping pathogens but are not the main organs responsible for producing antibodies.