Nursing Elites

1. What is the term for the balanced equation that represents a chemical reaction?

• A. Hypothesis
• B. Chemical formula
• C. Balanced equation
• D. Reaction mechanism

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C - 'Balanced equation'. A balanced equation is a representation of a chemical reaction that shows the reactants, products, and their stoichiometric coefficients. It ensures that the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the equation, following the law of conservation of mass. Choice A, 'Hypothesis', is incorrect as it refers to a proposed explanation based on limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. Choice B, 'Chemical formula', is incorrect as it represents the composition of a compound using symbols and subscripts. Choice D, 'Reaction mechanism', is incorrect as it describes the step-by-step process by which a chemical reaction occurs, not just the overall representation of the reaction itself.

2. Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

• A. Regulation of body temperature
• B. Protection from pathogens
• C. Synthesis of vitamin D
• D. Production of digestive enzymes

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The production of digestive enzymes is not a function of the integumentary system. The integumentary system is responsible for regulating body temperature, protecting the body from pathogens, and synthesizing vitamin D. Digestive enzymes are produced by organs in the digestive system, such as the pancreas and stomach, and not by the integumentary system.

3. What do lacteals absorb in the small intestine?

• A. Carbohydrates
• B. Lipids
• C. Proteins
• D. Nonpolar nutrients

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Lacteals are lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine that specialize in absorbing dietary lipids. These lipids are then transported into the lymphatic system for further processing and distribution throughout the body. Choice A (Carbohydrates) is incorrect because carbohydrates are primarily digested and absorbed in the small intestine by enzymes and transported to the liver. Choice C (Proteins) is incorrect because proteins are broken down into amino acids and absorbed in the small intestine, mainly by the villi. Choice D (Nonpolar nutrients) is incorrect as it is a vague term and not specific to what lacteals absorb, which are primarily lipids.

4. What is the 3D structure of a protein called?

• A. Tertiary structure
• B. Secondary structure
• C. Primary structure
• D. Quaternary structure

Correct answer: A

Rationale: - Primary structure refers to the linear sequence of amino acids in a protein. - Secondary structure refers to local folded structures within a protein, such as alpha helices and beta sheets. - Tertiary structure is the overall 3D shape of a protein, which is determined by interactions between amino acid side chains and the environment. - Quaternary structure refers to the arrangement of multiple protein subunits in a protein complex. Therefore, the 3D structure of a protein is called the tertiary structure because it represents the overall folding of the protein into a specific shape.

5. What is the primary function of the heart?

• A. Filtering blood
• B. Exchanging gases
• C. Pumping blood throughout the body
• D. Producing hormones

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The main function of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body. The heart acts as a muscular pump that circulates blood, delivering oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues and removing waste products. Option A is incorrect because blood filtration is a function of the kidneys, not the heart. Option B is incorrect as gas exchange occurs in the lungs, not the heart. Option D is also incorrect as hormone production is mainly carried out by endocrine glands, not the heart.

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