Nursing Elites

1. What is the medical term for an ingrown hair?

• A. Folliculitis
• B. Hirsutism
• C. Pseudofolliculitis Barbae
• D. Alopecia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Folliculitis. Folliculitis is the medical term for the inflammation of hair follicles, which can be caused by ingrown hairs. Hirsutism refers to excessive hair growth, pseudofolliculitis barbae is a condition where shaving causes ingrown hairs, and alopecia is hair loss. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not specifically refer to ingrown hairs.

2. Which of the following areas has the least amount of sweat glands?

• A. Back
• B. Palms
• C. Axilla
• D. Forehead

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B - Palms. The palms have the least amount of sweat glands compared to the other options listed. The back, axilla (armpits), and forehead are all areas with a higher concentration of sweat glands in the body. The palms have fewer sweat glands to minimize water loss and maintain a better grip for activities requiring precise and controlled movement. The back, axilla, and forehead have more sweat glands to assist in thermoregulation and cooling of the body, while the palms have fewer sweat glands for functional reasons related to grip and dexterity.

3. What is the process of transporting molecules across the cell membrane against a concentration gradient called?

• A. Diffusion
• B. Osmosis
• C. Active transport
• D. Facilitated diffusion

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A) Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, which does not require energy input. B) Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. C) Active transport is the process of transporting molecules across the cell membrane against a concentration gradient, requiring energy in the form of ATP to move substances from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. D) Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport that involves the use of transport proteins to move molecules across the cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, without the need for energy input.

4. What is the microscopic functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood?

• A. Ureter
• B. Nephron
• C. Renal pelvis
• D. Bladder

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The nephron is the correct answer as it is the microscopic functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood. It is composed of a renal corpuscle (glomerulus and Bowman's capsule) and a renal tubule. The other options, such as (A) Ureter, (C) Renal pelvis, and (D) Bladder, do not play a role in filtering blood within the kidney. The ureter is a tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. The renal pelvis is a part of the kidney where urine collects before entering the ureter. The bladder is an organ that stores urine until it is excreted from the body.

5. Which of the following is a characteristic of unsaturated fatty acids?

• A. They are solid at room temperature.
• B. They contain only single bonds.
• C. They have a higher melting point.
• D. They contain double or triple bonds.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Unsaturated fatty acids are characterized by the presence of double or triple bonds in their carbon chain. These bonds introduce kinks in the chain, preventing tight packing, and resulting in a lower melting point compared to saturated fatty acids. Choice A is incorrect because unsaturated fatty acids are typically liquid at room temperature due to their kinked structure. Choice B is incorrect because unsaturated fatty acids contain double or triple bonds, not only single bonds. Choice C is incorrect as unsaturated fatty acids have a lower melting point compared to saturated fatty acids.

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