Nursing Elites

1. What is the magnification of an ocular lens on a microscope?

• A. 4x
• B. 10x
• C. 40x
• D. 100x

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The magnification of an ocular lens on a microscope is typically 10x, which is considered standard for most microscopes. Ocular lenses are designed to magnify the image produced by the objective lens further. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not represent the standard magnification of an ocular lens. A magnification of 4x, 40x, or 100x would not be typical for an ocular lens in a microscope.

2. What is DNA made of?

• A. Proteins
• B. Nucleotides
• C. Lipids
• D. Carbohydrates

Correct answer: B

Rationale: DNA is made up of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of genetic material. Choice A (Proteins) is incorrect because while proteins play a crucial role in the body, they are not the building blocks of DNA. Choice C (Lipids) and Choice D (Carbohydrates) are also incorrect as they are not the primary components of DNA.

3. Which of the following is necessary for cell diffusion?

• A. water
• B. membrane
• C. ATP
• D. gradient

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'gradient.' In cell diffusion, substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, driven by the concentration gradient. This process does not require water, membrane, or ATP specifically. Water can aid in the movement of substances, but it is not necessary for diffusion itself. The membrane is involved in regulating diffusion but is not a requirement for the process. ATP is not directly involved in simple diffusion processes; instead, it is more related to active transport mechanisms. Therefore, the concentration gradient is essential for cell diffusion to occur.

4. How should a researcher test the hypothesis that a particular species of bird vocalizes most in the hours around dawn?

• A. Observe a flock of the birds in captivity and record them at two-hour intervals from predawn until sunset for a month.
• B. Observe a flock of the birds in the wild and record them at one-hour intervals from predawn until sunset in several seasons.
• C. Observe a flock of the birds in the wild and record them in predawn and postdawn hours every day for six months.
• D. Observe a flock of the birds in the wild, record them at one-hour intervals for a month, and compare that recording to recordings of other species.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Observing a flock of the birds in the wild and recording them in predawn and postdawn hours every day for six months would be the best way to test the hypothesis that a particular species of bird vocalizes most in the hours around dawn. This method allows for consistent monitoring of the birds during specific times of interest over an extended period, providing a comprehensive dataset to accurately analyze the vocalization patterns. Options A and B do not focus specifically on dawn hours, making them less suitable for testing the hypothesis. Option D introduces a comparison with other species, which is unnecessary and distracts from the main objective of studying the vocalization pattern of the particular bird species around dawn.

5. What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum in a cell?

• A. Energy production
• B. Protein synthesis
• C. Waste removal
• D. Transport of materials

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The endoplasmic reticulum's primary function is the transport of materials within the cell. It acts as a network of membranes to assist in the transportation of proteins and other substances throughout the cell. Choice A, 'Energy production,' is incorrect because the endoplasmic reticulum is not directly involved in energy production. Choice B, 'Protein synthesis,' is incorrect as protein synthesis mainly occurs in ribosomes, although the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in modifying and transporting proteins. Choice C, 'Waste removal,' is also incorrect as waste removal is primarily handled by other organelles like lysosomes and peroxisomes.

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