Nursing Elites

1. What is the involuntary muscle tissue found in the walls of blood vessels and organs like the stomach and intestines?

• A. Skeletal muscle
• B. Cardiac muscle
• C. Smooth muscle
• D. Striated muscle

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Smooth muscle is the correct answer. It is the involuntary muscle tissue found in the walls of blood vessels and organs like the stomach and intestines. Smooth muscle is responsible for various involuntary movements in the body, such as peristalsis in the digestive system and regulating blood flow in blood vessels. Skeletal muscle is voluntary and attached to bones for movement. Cardiac muscle is specific to the heart and not found in blood vessel walls or organs like the stomach and intestines. Striated muscle refers to both skeletal and cardiac muscle due to their striped appearance under a microscope, but it does not specifically describe the involuntary muscle tissue in the walls of blood vessels and organs as asked in the question.

2. What is the name of the muscular ring that controls the passage of food from the esophagus to the stomach?

• A. Pyloric sphincter
• B. Cardiac sphincter
• C. Ileocecal valve
• D. Sphincter of Oddi

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the Cardiac sphincter (lower esophageal sphincter). It is situated at the junction of the esophagus and the stomach, controlling the passage of food into the stomach. The cardiac sphincter opens and closes to regulate the flow of food and prevent reflux. The pyloric sphincter, on the other hand, is located between the stomach and the small intestine, not the esophagus and stomach. The ileocecal valve is positioned between the small and large intestines, while the Sphincter of Oddi is found in the duodenum, not between the esophagus and stomach.

3. What causes stretch marks?

• A. The epidermis layer becomes inflamed
• B. The dermis layer becomes inflamed
• C. The dermis layer tears due to rapid stretching
• D. Sebaceous glands become clogged

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Stretch marks occur when the dermis layer tears due to rapid stretching of the skin. This tearing leads to the appearance of stretch marks, which are often red or purple at first and then fade to a silvery-white color over time. Inflammation of the dermis or clogging of sebaceous glands are not directly related to the formation of stretch marks. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not describe the actual cause of stretch marks.

4. Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue found in the:

• A. Center of long bones
• B. Joints between bones
• C. Muscle tissue
• D. Walls of blood vessels

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue found in the joints between bones. It provides cushioning and support for the bones, allowing smooth movement and reducing friction between them. Cartilage acts as a shock absorber and helps maintain the structural integrity of the joints. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because cartilage is not typically found in the center of long bones, muscle tissue, or the walls of blood vessels. Cartilage primarily functions in providing structural support and flexibility in joints.

5. Muscles that work together to produce a specific movement are called

• A. Antagonistic muscles
• B. Agonistic muscles
• C. Synergistic muscles
• D. Flexors and extensors

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Synergistic muscles are groups of muscles that work together in a coordinated manner to produce a specific movement. They synchronize their actions to achieve a common goal efficiently. In contrast, antagonistic muscles work in opposing directions, and agonistic muscles, also known as prime movers, are responsible for initiating a movement. Flexors and extensors represent muscles that perform contrasting actions around a joint, such as bending and straightening. Therefore, the correct answer is C - 'Synergistic muscles,' as they collaborate to facilitate a specific movement, unlike the other choices which describe different muscle functions within the body.

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