Nursing Elites

1. What is the involuntary muscle tissue found in the walls of blood vessels and organs like the stomach and intestines?

• A. Skeletal muscle
• B. Cardiac muscle
• C. Smooth muscle
• D. Striated muscle

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Smooth muscle is the correct answer. It is the involuntary muscle tissue found in the walls of blood vessels and organs like the stomach and intestines. Smooth muscle is responsible for various involuntary movements in the body, such as peristalsis in the digestive system and regulating blood flow in blood vessels. Skeletal muscle is voluntary and attached to bones for movement. Cardiac muscle is specific to the heart and not found in blood vessel walls or organs like the stomach and intestines. Striated muscle refers to both skeletal and cardiac muscle due to their striped appearance under a microscope, but it does not specifically describe the involuntary muscle tissue in the walls of blood vessels and organs as asked in the question.

2. Melissa is ordering fencing to enclose a square area of 5625 square feet. How many feet of fencing does she need?

• A. 75 feet
• B. 150 feet
• C. 300 feet
• D. 5,625 feet

Correct answer: C

Rationale: To find the side length of the square, we take the square root of the area: √5625 ft² = 75 ft. The perimeter of a square is 4 times its side length, so the fencing needed is 4 × 75 ft = 300 ft. Therefore, Melissa needs 300 feet of fencing to enclose the square area of 5625 square feet. Option A (75 feet) is the side length of the square, not the fencing needed. Option B (150 feet) is half of the correct answer and does not account for all sides of the square. Option D (5,625 feet) is the total area, not the length of fencing required.

3. Which statement most accurately compares and contrasts the structures of DNA and RNA?

• A. Both DNA and RNA have 4 nucleotide bases. Three of the bases are the same, but the fourth base is thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA.
• B. Both DNA and RNA have the same 4 nucleotide bases. However, the nucleotides bond differently in DNA compared to RNA.
• C. Both DNA and RNA have different numbers of nucleotide bases. DNA is a double helix while RNA is a single strand.
• D. Both DNA and RNA have a double helix structure. However, DNA contains 6 nucleotide bases and RNA contains 4 nucleotide bases.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because DNA and RNA both consist of 4 nucleotide bases, namely adenine, cytosine, and guanine, which are common in both. The key difference lies in the fourth base, which is thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA. This distinction is fundamental in understanding the structural variances between DNA and RNA. Choice B is incorrect as it incorrectly states that the nucleotides bond differently in DNA compared to RNA without specifying the crucial base differences. Choice C is inaccurate as it misrepresents the numbers of nucleotide bases in DNA and RNA, and incorrectly describes DNA as a double helix and RNA as a single strand, which is not related to the difference in bases. Choice D is incorrect as it inaccurately portrays DNA with 6 nucleotide bases and RNA with 4, which is not true; both DNA and RNA have 4 nucleotide bases, but with differences in one of the bases.

4. Which property of a wave remains constant when it crosses a boundary between two different media?

• A. Frequency
• B. Wavelength
• C. Amplitude
• D. Speed

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When a wave crosses a boundary between two different media, its speed is the property that remains constant. This is due to the principle of conservation of energy. While the frequency and wavelength of a wave may change as it moves from one medium to another, the speed of the wave remains constant. This phenomenon is a result of the wave adjusting its frequency and wavelength to maintain a consistent speed in different media. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Frequency and wavelength may change when a wave moves across media, and amplitude may also be affected by the medium, but the speed of the wave will remain constant.

5. What is the area of the largest circle that can fit entirely inside a rectangle that measures 8 centimeters by 10 centimeters?

• A. 18π cm²
• B. 10π cm²
• C. 16π cm²
• D. 8π cm²

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The largest circle that can fit inside the rectangle would have a diameter of 8 cm, which means the radius is half of the diameter, thus 4 cm. The area of a circle is calculated using the formula A = πr², where r is the radius. Substituting the radius value into the formula, the area of the circle is π(4)² = 16π cm². Therefore, the correct answer is 16π cm². Choice A (18π cm²), B (10π cm²), and D (8π cm²) are incorrect because they do not represent the area of the largest circle that fits inside the given rectangle.

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