Nursing Elites

1. What is the function of water in photosynthesis?

• A. Combine with carbon dioxide
• B. Absorb light energy
• C. Supply electrons in the light reactions
• D. Transport hydrogen ions in the dark reactions

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Supply electrons in the light reactions.' In photosynthesis, water is split during the light reactions of photosynthesis, releasing electrons that are used in the formation of ATP and NADPH, crucial for the synthesis of glucose. Choice A is incorrect because water does not combine with carbon dioxide in photosynthesis. Choice B is incorrect as water does not absorb light energy directly. Choice D is incorrect because the transportation of hydrogen ions mainly occurs in the electron transport chain, which is part of the light reactions, not the dark reactions.

2. Which organelle contains the genetic material of the cell?

• A. Golgi apparatus
• B. Ribosome
• C. Endoplasmic reticulum
• D. Nucleus

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: Nucleus.' The nucleus is the organelle that contains the cell's genetic material, which is the DNA. The genetic material in the nucleus controls the cell's activities and plays a crucial role in inheritance. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the Golgi apparatus is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging of proteins; ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis; and endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis and transportation, but none of them contain the genetic material of the cell.

3. Why is homeostasis necessary?

• A. It maintains temperature
• B. It maintains pH
• C. It maintains glucose levels
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Homeostasis is necessary because it ensures the maintenance of a stable, relatively constant internal environment. This includes regulating various factors such as temperature, pH levels, and glucose levels to support optimal bodily functions and overall health. Choices A, B, and C are all correct as they represent key aspects of homeostasis that contribute to maintaining the body's internal balance.

4. From which component do RNA and DNA derive their names?

• A. From the sugar each contains
• B. From the structure of their nucleotides
• C. From the information they transfer
• D. From their formative processes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: RNA and DNA derive their names from the sugar each contains. RNA stands for Ribonucleic Acid, with 'ribo' indicating the ribose sugar in its structure. DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid, with 'deoxyribo' referring to the deoxyribose sugar in its structure. The sugars in RNA and DNA molecules distinguish them and are the basis for their names. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately explain how RNA and DNA derive their names.

5. Why do high-salt content foods not require refrigeration to prevent spoilage?

• A. Osmosis
• B. Diffusion
• C. Active transport
• D. Passive transport

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Osmosis is the natural process that prevents high-salt content foods from spoiling without the need for refrigeration. Osmosis involves the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration (water) to an area of higher solute concentration (salt). In high-salt content foods, the salt acts as a preservative by drawing moisture out of bacteria or other microorganisms, making it difficult for them to survive and spoil the food. This process helps in preserving the food and preventing spoilage even without refrigeration. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not involve the specific mechanism of water movement in response to the salt concentration in high-salt content foods.

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