Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is a component of the immune system?

• A. Red blood cells
• B. White blood cells
• C. Platelets
• D. Plasma

Correct answer: B

Rationale: White blood cells are a crucial component of the immune system as they play a key role in fighting infections and foreign invaders. Red blood cells are primarily involved in oxygen transport, platelets are important for blood clotting, and plasma is the liquid component of blood that carries various substances but is not directly involved in the immune response.

2. Which of the following statements regarding the microscopic anatomy of heart muscle is correct?

• A. Cardiac muscle is striated, short, fat, branched, and interconnected
• B. Intercalated discs anchor cardiac cells together and allow the free passage of ions
• C. The connective tissue endomysium acts as both tendon and insertion
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'All of the above.' Cardiac muscle is indeed striated, short, fat, branched, and interconnected. Intercalated discs are responsible for anchoring cardiac cells together and allowing the free passage of ions. Additionally, the connective tissue endomysium provides structural support and acts as a tendon-like structure attaching muscle fibers to each other. Therefore, all the statements in choices A, B, and C are accurate when describing the microscopic anatomy of heart muscle. Choices A, B, and C individually represent different aspects of the structural features of cardiac muscle, making choice D the most comprehensive and correct answer.

3. What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

• A. To regulate body temperature
• B. To transport oxygen and nutrients
• C. To fight infection
• D. To break down waste

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To transport oxygen and nutrients. The primary function of the circulatory system is to deliver oxygen and essential nutrients to cells throughout the body and remove waste products like carbon dioxide. Choice A is incorrect as regulating body temperature is primarily the function of the body's thermoregulatory system. Choice C is incorrect as fighting infection is mainly the role of the immune system. Choice D is incorrect as breaking down waste is primarily handled by the digestive system.

4. Which of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

• A. Pulmonary artery
• B. Aorta
• C. Superior vena cava
• D. Inferior vena cava

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The aorta is the correct answer because it is the main artery in the body that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. The superior and inferior vena cava are veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

5. What happens to the speed of a sound wave when it travels from air to water?

• A. It increases because water is denser.
• B. It decreases because water is denser.
• C. It remains the same.
• D. Speed depends on the frequency, not the medium.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When a sound wave travels from air to water, the speed of sound decreases because sound travels faster in denser mediums. Water, being denser than air, causes the speed of sound to slow down. Choice A is incorrect because sound travels faster in denser mediums, so the speed would not increase. Choice C is incorrect because the speed of sound changes when transitioning between different mediums. Choice D is incorrect because while frequency does affect sound, the medium it travels through also plays a significant role in determining the speed of sound.

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