Nursing Elites

1. What type of lens is thinner at the center than at the edges and causes light rays to diverge?

• A. Convex lens
• B. Concave lens
• C. Diverging lens
• D. Plano-convex lens

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A concave lens is thinner at the center than at the edges, causing light rays to diverge when passing through it. This type of lens is also known as a diverging lens because it causes light rays to spread out. Concave lenses are used in various optical devices to correct vision problems and in scientific instruments to diverge light rays for specific purposes. The other choices are incorrect. A convex lens is thicker at the center and converges light rays, while a plano-convex lens has one flat surface and one convex surface, converging light. Diverging lens is a general term that can refer to concave or plano-concave lenses, but in this context, the specific type being referred to is a concave lens.

2. A ball is thrown upwards. Which of the following statements is TRUE about its potential energy and kinetic energy at the peak of its trajectory?

• A. Both potential and kinetic energy are zero.
• B. Potential energy is maximum and kinetic energy is minimum.
• C. Potential energy is minimum and kinetic energy is maximum.
• D. Both potential and kinetic energy remain constant.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: At the peak of its trajectory, the ball momentarily stops moving before falling back down. This means its kinetic energy is at a minimum because it has come to a stop. At the same time, its potential energy is at a maximum because it is at the highest point in its trajectory, where it has the most potential to fall and convert that potential energy into kinetic energy as it descends. Choice A is incorrect because at the peak, the ball still has potential energy due to its height. Choice C is incorrect because kinetic energy is at a minimum when the ball is momentarily at rest. Choice D is incorrect because the energy conversion between potential and kinetic energy occurs at different points in the trajectory.

3. Which of the following is an example of a polymer?

• A. Methane
• B. Ethanol
• C. Polyethylene
• D. Acetic acid

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Polyethylene. Polyethylene is a polymer composed of a large number of repeating ethylene units linked together, forming a long-chain molecule, characteristic of polymers. Methane, ethanol, and acetic acid are small organic molecules that do not demonstrate the repeating unit structure typical of polymers. Therefore, they are not examples of polymers.

4. Which of the following describes the muscular organ that processes food material into increasingly smaller pieces, mixes it with saliva to create a bolus, and creates a barrier to transport food into the esophagus?

• A. pharynx
• B. tongue
• C. diaphragm
• D. stomach

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The tongue is the muscular organ responsible for manipulating food material in the mouth, breaking it down into smaller pieces, and mixing it with saliva to form a bolus. It also plays a crucial role in pushing the food bolus towards the back of the mouth to facilitate swallowing and transport the food into the esophagus. The pharynx is involved in swallowing and directing food to the esophagus after it passes the mouth. The diaphragm is a muscle involved in the breathing process, not food processing. The stomach is an organ responsible for further digestion of food after it passes through the esophagus.

5. Which vitamin is essential for collagen production, a key component of connective tissues?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Vitamin C is essential for collagen production, a key component of connective tissues. Collagen, a crucial protein, provides structure and strength to various body tissues, such as skin, tendons, ligaments, and blood vessels. Vitamin C plays a pivotal role in collagen synthesis by aiding in the hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues, which is essential for stabilizing the collagen structure. A deficiency in vitamin C can lead to impaired collagen production, resulting in conditions like scurvy, characterized by weakened connective tissues. Vitamin A (Choice A) is important for vision and immune function but is not directly involved in collagen production. Vitamin D (Choice C) is essential for calcium absorption and bone health but is not primarily responsible for collagen synthesis. Vitamin E (Choice D) acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage, but it is not a key player in collagen production.

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