Nursing Elites

1. What is the fatty substance that coats axons to insulate, protect, and speed up impulses?

• A. Myelin
• B. Dendrite
• C. Neuron
• D. Synapse

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Myelin.' Myelin is a fatty substance that functions as an insulator for axons, providing protection and enhancing the speed of electrical impulses along neurons. This insulation is essential for ensuring efficient and rapid communication within the nervous system. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Dendrites are branched extensions of a neuron that receive signals, neurons are the basic building blocks of the nervous system that transmit information, and synapses are the junctions between neurons where communication occurs.

2. What is the purpose of an electrocardiogram?

• A. Indicate the rate of blood flow
• B. Display the heart's rate and rhythm
• C. Identify a person's blood group type
• D. Determine cell type in a blood sample

Correct answer: B

Rationale: An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is used to measure and display the heart's rate and rhythm. It provides valuable information about the electrical activity of the heart, allowing healthcare providers to assess the heart's health, detect abnormalities in the heart's rhythm, and diagnose various cardiac conditions. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Choice A is incorrect because an ECG does not indicate the rate of blood flow but rather focuses on the heart's electrical activity. Choice C is incorrect because identifying a person's blood group type is typically done through blood typing tests, not ECG. Choice D is incorrect because determining cell type in a blood sample is unrelated to the purpose of an ECG.

3. Which of the following is an example of a pivot joint?

• A. Hip
• B. Neck
• C. Shoulder
• D. Elbow

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Neck. A pivot joint, as found in the neck, allows for rotational movement around a single axis. This type of joint is essential for movements like shaking your head 'no' or looking left and right. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the hip, shoulder, and elbow joints are examples of ball-and-socket joints, which allow for a wide range of motion in multiple directions, not just rotational movement around a single axis like a pivot joint.

4. What is a rod-shaped structure that forms when a single DNA molecule and its associated proteins coil tightly before cell division?

• A. Centromere
• B. Chromatid
• C. Chromosome
• D. Gene

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A chromosome is a rod-shaped structure that forms when a single DNA molecule and its associated proteins coil tightly before cell division. It contains the genetic material and is essential for cell division and replication. The centromere is a specific region of a chromosome that plays a role in cell division. A chromatid is one half of a duplicated chromosome, and a gene is a unit of heredity responsible for specific traits. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Chromosome' as it represents the entire condensed DNA molecule during cell division.

5. Which organelle is responsible for the final stages of protein modification and packaging for secretion in animal cells?

• A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
• B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
• C. Ribosomes
• D. Golgi apparatus

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The Golgi apparatus is responsible for the final stages of protein modification and packaging for secretion in animal cells. After proteins are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), they are transported to the Golgi apparatus for further processing, sorting, and packaging before being sent to their final destination within or outside the cell. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is mainly involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification processes, not protein modification. Ribosomes are the cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis, not the final stages of protein modification and packaging for secretion, which is the role of the Golgi apparatus.

Similar Questions