Nursing Elites

1. What is the bottom number in a blood pressure reading?

• A. Diastolic pressure
• B. Systolic pressure
• C. Pulse rate
• D. Mean arterial pressure

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diastolic pressure. The bottom number in a blood pressure reading represents the diastolic pressure, which indicates the lowest pressure in the arteries when the heart is resting between beats. This value is important in understanding the overall health of the cardiovascular system. Choice B, Systolic pressure, is the top number in a blood pressure reading and represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart is contracting. Choice C, Pulse rate, refers to the number of times the heart beats in a minute. Choice D, Mean arterial pressure, is a calculated value using both systolic and diastolic pressures to provide an average pressure in the arteries during a cardiac cycle, but it is not the bottom number in a blood pressure reading.

2. What is the primary function of the coronary arteries in the cardiovascular system?

• A. Carry oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
• B. Carry deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle
• C. Pump blood to the lungs for oxygenation
• D. Regulate blood pressure in the systemic circulation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The primary function of the coronary arteries is to carry oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. Oxygenated blood is crucial for providing nutrients and oxygen to the heart muscle cells, enabling the heart to work efficiently. Without this oxygenated blood supply, the heart muscle may not receive the required nutrients and oxygen, potentially resulting in heart damage or dysfunction. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as coronary arteries do not carry deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle, pump blood to the lungs for oxygenation, or regulate blood pressure in the systemic circulation. The coronary arteries specifically supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle to support its function and vitality.

3. Which of the following is part of the cardiovascular system?

• A. Blood vessels
• B. Brain
• C. Kidneys
• D. Lungs

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Blood vessels are indeed part of the cardiovascular system. They are crucial components that facilitate blood circulation by carrying blood throughout the body. The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and blood. Blood vessels play a vital role in delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing waste products. The brain, kidneys, and lungs are not part of the cardiovascular system; instead, they belong to other body systems. The brain is part of the nervous system, kidneys are part of the urinary system, and lungs are part of the respiratory system. Therefore, the correct answer is blood vessels (Choice A). Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are not components of the cardiovascular system but belong to different body systems.

4. Abduction is defined as which of the following?

• A. Movement away from the midline of the body
• B. Movement that results in a decrease in the angle of a joint
• C. Movement that results in an increase in the angle of a joint
• D. Movement towards the midline of the body

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Abduction is defined as movement away from the midline of the body. This movement occurs in the coronal plane and is essential in various body functions such as raising the arms sideways. Choices B, C, and D describe movements that are different from abduction. Choice B refers to flexion, which decreases the angle of a joint. Choice C describes extension, which increases the angle of a joint. Choice D defines adduction, which involves movement towards the midline of the body. Therefore, the correct answer is choice A.

5. During which of the following stages does crossing over occur?

• A. Mitosis Prophase
• B. Meiosis Prophase I
• C. Meiosis Prophase II
• D. Interphase

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Crossing over occurs during Prophase I of meiosis. This stage is specifically associated with genetic recombination, where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. This process contributes to genetic diversity by creating new combinations of alleles. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. In mitosis, crossing over does not occur as it involves the separation of replicated chromosomes. Meiosis Prophase II is focused on the reformation of nuclei and does not involve crossing over. Interphase is a stage where the cell prepares for division and is not associated with crossing over.

Similar Questions