Nursing Elites

1. What structures are likely torn in a rotator cuff tear?

• A. Tendon and possibly ligament
• B. Muscle and possibly tendon
• C. Ligament and possibly muscle
• D. Tendon only

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In a rotator cuff tear, the most common structures torn are the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles. In severe cases, the tear may also extend to involve the surrounding ligaments. Therefore, the correct answer is A, as it accurately represents the structures that are likely to be affected in a rotator cuff tear. Choice B is incorrect as muscles are not typically torn in a rotator cuff tear. Choice C is also incorrect as ligaments are not the primary structures involved in a rotator cuff tear. Choice D is incorrect because a rotator cuff tear typically involves more than just the tendons.

2. Which mineral is important for the formation of red blood cells?

• A. Selenium
• B. Calcium
• C. Magnesium
• D. Copper

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Copper is crucial for the formation of red blood cells as it is a component of enzymes involved in the production of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body, requires copper for its synthesis. A deficiency in copper can result in anemia due to insufficient production of red blood cells. Selenium, calcium, and magnesium do not play a direct role in red blood cell formation, making them incorrect choices for this question.

3. A tissue examined under the microscope exhibits the following characteristics: cells found on the internal surface of the stomach, no extracellular matrix, cells tall and thin, no blood vessels in the tissue. What type of tissue is this?

• A. Epithelial
• B. Connective tissue
• C. Cartilage
• D. Nervous

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Epithelial.' Epithelial tissue is characterized by cells lining surfaces and cavities, such as the stomach. It does not contain blood vessels, and the cells are tall and thin. The absence of an extracellular matrix is typical of epithelial tissue, making it the most suitable choice in this scenario. Connective tissue, like cartilage and nervous tissue, have different characteristics that do not align with the description provided in the question.

4. Which of the following is not part of the axial skeletal system?

• A. the skull
• B. the ribs
• C. the breastbone
• D. the radius

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, the radius. The axial skeleton comprises bones located along the central axis of the body. It includes the skull, ribs, breastbone (sternum), vertebrae, and sacrum. The radius, on the other hand, is a bone of the forearm, part of the appendicular skeleton. The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the limbs and their girdles, not the central axial bones.

5. What is the main function of the large intestine?

• A. Absorption of nutrients
• B. Absorption of water
• C. Secretion of digestive enzymes
• D. Breaking down fats

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The main function of the large intestine is the absorption of water and electrolytes from indigestible food residues, helping to form solid waste (feces) for elimination. It mainly reabsorbs water and compacts the remaining material into feces, playing a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance in the body. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because absorption of nutrients primarily occurs in the small intestine, secretion of digestive enzymes mainly occurs in the stomach and small intestine, and breaking down fats primarily occurs in the small intestine with the help of bile from the liver and enzymes.

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