Nursing Elites

1. What structures are likely torn in a rotator cuff tear?

• A. Tendon and possibly ligament
• B. Muscle and possibly tendon
• C. Ligament and possibly muscle
• D. Tendon only

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In a rotator cuff tear, the most common structures torn are the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles. In severe cases, the tear may also extend to involve the surrounding ligaments. Therefore, the correct answer is A, as it accurately represents the structures that are likely to be affected in a rotator cuff tear. Choice B is incorrect as muscles are not typically torn in a rotator cuff tear. Choice C is also incorrect as ligaments are not the primary structures involved in a rotator cuff tear. Choice D is incorrect because a rotator cuff tear typically involves more than just the tendons.

2. Which muscle is involved in the flexion of the forearm?

• A. Biceps brachii
• B. Triceps brachii
• C. Deltoid
• D. Brachialis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The biceps brachii muscle is the primary muscle responsible for flexing the forearm at the elbow joint. When the biceps brachii contracts, it causes the forearm to move towards the upper arm, resulting in flexion at the elbow. In contrast, the triceps brachii is responsible for extending the forearm, the deltoid muscle is primarily involved in shoulder movements, and the brachialis muscle also aids in flexion of the forearm but to a lesser extent compared to the biceps brachii.

3. Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?

• A. Cerebellum
• B. Cerebrum
• C. Medulla oblongata
• D. Brainstem

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the cerebellum. Located at the back of the brain, the cerebellum plays a crucial role in controlling balance, coordination, and fine motor movements. It receives information from the sensory systems, the spinal cord, and other parts of the brain to coordinate voluntary movements and maintain posture. Damage to the cerebellum can result in issues with balance, coordination, and muscle tone. The cerebrum is responsible for higher brain functions like thinking and problem-solving, the medulla oblongata controls vital autonomic functions like breathing and heartbeat, and the brainstem serves as a pathway for neural fibers traveling to and from the brain.

4. Nerve tissue is composed of neurons and connective tissue cells that are referred to as which of the following?

• A. Osteoblasts
• B. Neuroglia
• C. Osteocytes
• D. Arterioles

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Neuroglia are specialized connective tissue cells that provide support and protection to neurons in the nervous system. They assist in the proper functioning of neurons and are essential for maintaining the overall health of nerve tissue. Therefore, in the context of nerve tissue composition, neuroglia are the connective tissue cells associated with neurons. The other choices, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and arterioles, are not the correct types of connective tissue cells found in nerve tissue. Osteoblasts are involved in bone formation, osteocytes are mature bone cells, and arterioles are small blood vessels that supply blood to tissues.

5. What is the primary function of the small intestine in digestion?

• A. Breaking down fats
• B. Absorbing nutrients
• C. Secreting digestive enzymes
• D. Storing bile

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Absorbing nutrients. The small intestine plays a crucial role in digestion by absorbing nutrients. It is where the majority of nutrient absorption occurs, allowing digested food to pass into the bloodstream for distribution to the body's cells. Choice A (Breaking down fats) is incorrect because the breakdown of fats primarily occurs in the small intestine with the help of bile from the liver and enzymes from the pancreas. Choice C (Secreting digestive enzymes) is incorrect because while the small intestine does produce some digestive enzymes, its primary role is absorption. Choice D (Storing bile) is incorrect as the storage of bile occurs in the gallbladder, not the small intestine.

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