HESI A2
HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology 2023
1. Where is the genetic material located within a cell?
- A. Nucleus
- B. Mitochondria
- C. Ribosome
- D. Golgi apparatus
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The genetic material, which is composed of DNA, is primarily located in the nucleus of a cell. The nucleus serves as the control center of the cell, housing the genetic information that directs the cell's functions and characteristics. Choice B (Mitochondria), C (Ribosome), and D (Golgi apparatus) are incorrect because while these cellular components play essential roles in the cell, they do not house the genetic material. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for energy production; ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, and the Golgi apparatus is responsible for processing and packaging proteins for transport.
2. What is the term for the lower surface of a structure?
- A. Inferior
- B. Transverse
- C. Dorsal
- D. Ventral
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The term for the lower surface of a structure is 'ventral.' 'Ventral' is used in anatomy to describe the front or lower surface of an organism or structure. In this context, 'inferior' (choice A) is not the correct term as it generally refers to something being below or lower in position but not specifically the lower surface of a structure. 'Transverse' (choice B) refers to a crosswise direction, not the lower surface. 'Dorsal' (choice C) is the term used for the upper or back surface of an organism or structure, opposite to the ventral surface.
3. If a lump under the skin is palpable, what is true?
- A. It is malignant.
- B. It has burst.
- C. It is warm.
- D. It can be felt.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: If a lump under the skin is palpable, it means that it can be felt or touched. Palpable lumps can be detected by touch, which can lead to further evaluation or examination by a healthcare professional to determine the cause and appropriate treatment. The correct answer is 'D' because when a lump is palpable, it means it can be physically felt, indicating its presence under the skin. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the palpability of a lump does not automatically indicate malignancy, bursting, or warmth.
4. If a person consumes 500 calories per meal, how many calories will they consume in 3 meals?
- A. 1000 calories
- B. 1500 calories
- C. 2000 calories
- D. 500 calories
Correct answer: B
Rationale: To find the total calories consumed in 3 meals, you multiply the number of meals by the calories per meal: 3 meals x 500 calories/meal = 1500 calories. Therefore, the correct answer is 1500 calories. Choice A (1000 calories) is incorrect because it miscalculates the total calories. Choice C (2000 calories) is incorrect as it overestimates the total calories. Choice D (500 calories) is incorrect as it represents the calories consumed in a single meal, not in 3 meals.
5. Which vitamin is necessary for calcium absorption?
- A. Vitamin A
- B. Vitamin C
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Vitamin K
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of calcium in the intestines, aiding in the maintenance of strong bones and teeth. It helps regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the body, supporting bone health and preventing conditions like osteoporosis. Vitamin A (Choice A) is important for vision and immune function, not specifically for calcium absorption. Vitamin C (Choice B) is crucial for collagen synthesis and immune function but is not directly involved in calcium absorption. Vitamin K (Choice D) plays a role in blood clotting and bone health, but it is not primarily responsible for calcium absorption.
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