Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following statements is anatomically correct?

• A. The knee is distal to the ankle.
• B. The heart is inferior to the diaphragm.
• C. The hip is proximal to the knee.
• D. The wrist is proximal to the elbow.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The term 'proximal' refers to a body part being closer to the center of the body or a point of reference. In this case, the hip is closer to the center of the body compared to the knee, which makes the statement anatomically correct. Choice A is incorrect as the knee is proximal to the ankle. Choice B is incorrect as the heart is superior to the diaphragm. Choice D is incorrect as the elbow is proximal to the wrist.

2. What is the function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

• A. To fight infections
• B. To transport oxygen
• C. To carry carbon dioxide
• D. To store oxygen

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To transport oxygen.' Hemoglobin in red blood cells plays a crucial role in transporting oxygen. It binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to the body's tissues and organs for cellular respiration. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because hemoglobin's primary function is to bind and transport oxygen, not to fight infections, carry carbon dioxide, or store oxygen.

3. The skull is positioned ________ to the spinal cord.

• A. anterior
• B. posterior
• C. lateral
• D. superior

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The skull is superior to the spinal cord, meaning it is located above the spinal cord in anatomical position. Superior in anatomy refers to a structure being positioned higher or above another structure in the body. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they refer to different directional relationships. Anterior means in front of, posterior means behind, and lateral means to the side. In this case, the relationship between the skull and the spinal cord is based on a superior-inferior orientation.

4. The vena cavae drain blood from the body into the ___________.

• A. right atrium
• B. right ventricle
• C. left atrium
• D. left ventricle

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The vena cavae are large veins responsible for returning deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart. They empty into the right atrium of the heart. From the right atrium, the blood is then pumped into the right ventricle before being sent to the pulmonary circulation for oxygenation, making choice A, 'right atrium,' the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the vena cavae do not empty into the ventricles of the heart; instead, they deliver blood to the atria.

5. What part of the eye is responsible for focusing light on the retina?

• A. Cornea
• B. Lens
• C. Retina
• D. Pupil

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The lens of the eye is responsible for focusing light on the retina. When light enters the eye, it first passes through the cornea, which helps in bending the light, and then the lens further refracts and focuses the light onto the retina at the back of the eye. The retina contains photoreceptor cells that convert light into neural signals, which are then sent to the brain for visual processing. The cornea is the transparent outermost layer of the eye that helps in focusing light, but the main responsibility lies with the lens. The retina is the layer at the back of the eye that receives the focused light and initiates the process of vision. The pupil is the opening in the center of the iris that controls the amount of light entering the eye and is not directly involved in focusing light on the retina.

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