Nursing Elites

1. What are the cellular functions of cilia and flagella?

• A. Cilia and flagella are responsible for cell movement.
• B. Cilia and flagella synthesize proteins.
• C. Cilia and flagella help protect the cell from its environment.
• D. Cilia and flagella have enzymes that help with digestion.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Cilia and flagella are microtubule-based structures found on the surface of many eukaryotic cells. Their primary function is to facilitate cell movement. Cilia are short, numerous, and move in coordinated waving motions to move substances along the cell's surface. Flagella are longer and usually limited to one or a few per cell, providing a propeller-like movement for the cell. Both cilia and flagella aid in cell motility and are essential for various cellular functions, primarily involved in cell movement rather than protein synthesis, protection, or digestion. Therefore, choice A is correct as it accurately describes the primary function of cilia and flagella. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as cilia and flagella are not involved in protein synthesis, cell protection, or digestion in cells.

2. Which of the following is a function of the kidneys?

• A. To produce digestive enzymes
• B. To filter waste from the blood
• C. To produce white blood cells
• D. To produce red blood cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To filter waste from the blood.' The kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering waste products from the blood, regulating fluid and electrolyte balance, and producing urine. Choice A is incorrect because the production of digestive enzymes primarily occurs in the pancreas and salivary glands. Choice C is incorrect as the production of white blood cells mainly takes place in the bone marrow and lymphatic system. Choice D is incorrect as the production of red blood cells occurs in the bone marrow.

3. Which of the following is responsible for carrying electrical impulses in the nervous system?

• A. Platelets
• B. Neurons
• C. Red blood cells
• D. White blood cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Neurons are the correct answer as they are specialized cells in the nervous system that transmit electrical impulses throughout the body. Neurons have structures like axons and dendrites that enable the transmission of electrical signals. Platelets are responsible for blood clotting, red blood cells carry oxygen, and white blood cells are part of the immune system; however, none of these cell types play a role in carrying electrical impulses in the nervous system.

4. Which gland produces the hormone responsible for regulating blood sugar levels?

• A. Pituitary gland
• B. Thyroid gland
• C. Pancreas
• D. Adrenal glands

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is the pancreas. The hormone responsible for regulating blood sugar levels is insulin, which is produced by the pancreas. The pituitary gland produces various hormones that regulate other endocrine glands, the thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, and the adrenal glands produce hormones involved in the stress response. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect in the context of regulating blood sugar levels.

5. Which type of waves require a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to propagate?

• A. Transverse waves
• B. Longitudinal waves
• C. Electromagnetic waves
• D. Surface waves

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Longitudinal waves require a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to propagate because the particles in the medium move parallel to the direction of the wave. As a result, they rely on the medium for transmission. Transverse waves, on the contrary, do not need a medium and can travel through a vacuum, making choice A incorrect. Electromagnetic waves, represented by choice C, do not require a medium as they consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields that can propagate through a vacuum. Surface waves, the option in D, involve a combination of both longitudinal and transverse motion and do require a medium to travel, but longitudinal waves are the ones that strictly depend on a medium for propagation.

Similar Questions