Nursing Elites

1. What are plasma membranes mostly made of?

• A. Proteins
• B. Carbohydrates
• C. Lipids
• D. Nucleotides

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lipids. Plasma membranes are primarily composed of lipids, specifically phospholipids, which form a lipid bilayer. While proteins are also an essential component of plasma membranes, they are not the primary constituent. Carbohydrates are present on the outer surface of the membrane but are not the main structural component. Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA and are not the main constituents of plasma membranes.

2. How do animal cells divide?

• A. Through a contractile ring
• B. Via a cell plate
• C. Both methods
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Animal cells divide through a contractile ring made of actin and myosin filaments. The ring contracts, pinching the cell membrane in the middle to form two daughter cells. Plant cells use a cell plate due to their rigid cell walls, making choices B and C incorrect. Choice D is incorrect as animal cells do use the contractile ring method for division.

3. How is the plasma membrane arranged?

• A. In a single layer made of proteins
• B. In a double layer made of proteins
• C. In a single layer of phospholipids
• D. In a double layer of phospholipids

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The plasma membrane is arranged in a double layer of phospholipids, known as a phospholipid bilayer. This structure consists of two layers of phospholipid molecules with hydrophilic heads facing the exterior and hydrophobic tails facing the interior, providing a semipermeable barrier for the cell. Choice A is incorrect because the plasma membrane is not made of a single layer of proteins. Choice B is incorrect as the double layer is composed of phospholipids, not proteins. Choice C is incorrect as the plasma membrane is not made of a single layer of phospholipids but rather a double layer.

4. Which light color would be most effective for growing green plants indoors?

• A. Blue
• B. Yellow
• C. Green
• D. Orange

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Blue light is the most effective color for growing green plants indoors. Blue light has a higher energy level compared to other colors, which is crucial for promoting vegetative growth, strong stems, and lush foliage in plants. Additionally, blue light helps regulate plant growth hormones, making it essential for the overall health and development of green plants. Yellow, green, and orange light do not provide the necessary energy levels or spectrum needed for optimal plant growth, making them less effective choices for growing green plants indoors.

5. What is the binding membrane of an animal cell called?

• A. Biological membrane
• B. Cell coat
• C. Unit membrane
• D. Plasma membrane

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Plasma membrane. The plasma membrane surrounds the cell and acts as an interface between the living interior of the cell and the nonliving exterior. It plays a vital role in maintaining the cell's integrity, regulating the passage of substances in and out of the cell, and facilitating communication with other cells. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the term 'plasma membrane' specifically refers to the binding membrane of an animal cell, distinguishing it from other types of membranes or coatings found in cells.

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