Nursing Elites

1. According to the passage, what effect does encountering an automobile with eighteen wheels have on the hypothesis 'All automobiles have only four wheels'?

• A. It proves the hypothesis.
• B. It raises the hypothesis's probability.
• C. It disproves the hypothesis.
• D. It decreases the hypothesis's probability.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Encountering an automobile with eighteen wheels contradicts the hypothesis that all automobiles have only four wheels. This contradicts the initial hypothesis, proving it to be false. The passage explains that when evidence disproves a hypothesis, it directly contradicts the hypothesis, leading to its disproof. In the context of the monkey example provided, encountering a hairless monkey out of many hairy monkeys disproved the hypothesis 'All monkeys are hairy.' Therefore, the presence of an automobile with eighteen wheels disproves the hypothesis that all automobiles have only four wheels. Other choices are incorrect because encountering such an automobile directly contradicts the initial hypothesis, leading to its disproof, rather than proving it, raising its probability, or decreasing its probability.

2. Why did Julia not return to work after the alarm?

• A. She was embarrassed that she could not finish the work her boss asked for.
• B. She was tired and wanted to go home.
• C. She got stuck in traffic and could not get back to her office.
• D. Her boss gave her the afternoon off.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The most likely reason Julia did not return to work after the alarm is that she got stuck in traffic and could not get back to her office. The extract provides details about Julia's challenging morning, starting from being woken up early by lawn mowers, having a caffeine-free cup of coffee, facing traffic delays, arriving late at work, and receiving additional work from her boss. These events culminated in Julia deciding to leave after the fire alarm, indicating that being stuck in traffic was the primary reason for her absence. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because there is no direct evidence in the provided extract to support them. Julia's actions suggest that her decision to leave was more related to external factors like traffic issues rather than internal feelings of embarrassment, tiredness, or being given time off by her boss.

3. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?

• A. Getting a job is easier now than it ever has been before.
• B. Earning money is much less difficult than managing it properly.
• C. Dr. Franklin advocated getting a job in a mill.
• D. Spending money is the greatest temptation in the world.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The main idea of the passage is that while making money may seem easy, managing it wisely is much more challenging. The author emphasizes the importance of spending less than what is earned to achieve financial stability. Choice A is incorrect as the passage focuses on the challenges of managing money, not on the ease of getting a job. Choice C is incorrect as Dr. Franklin is mentioned in the context of a quote about the simplicity of the road to wealth, not advocating getting a job in a mill. Choice D is incorrect as the passage does not primarily discuss spending money as the greatest temptation, but rather highlights the difficulty in managing money effectively.

4. What is the purpose of the italics used for several of the words identified in the sentence above?

• A. to indicate a full-length published book
• B. to indicate a work of classic literature
• C. to indicate recommended summer reading
• D. to indicate books that Angela completed

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The purpose of the italics used for several words in the sentence is to indicate books that Angela completed during the summer. The italics are used for titles of books or literary works, showing emphasis or highlighting specific titles. In the provided extract, titles like 'The Great Gatsby,' 'Brave New World,' and 'A Passage to India' are italicized, indicating completed readings. Choice A is incorrect as it does not accurately reflect the purpose of italics in this context. Choice B is incorrect because the use of italics does not specifically indicate classic literature. Choice C is also incorrect as the italics are not related to recommendations but rather completion of reading.

5. Which of the following best describes the author's intent in the passage?

• A. to persuade
• B. to entertain
• C. to express feelings
• D. to inform

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The author's intent in the passage is to inform the reader about the historical events surrounding King James II, his family, and the succession of the English throne. The passage provides a detailed account of the lineage, religious affiliations, and the political implications of James II and his descendants. It does not aim to persuade, entertain, or express feelings, but rather presents a factual narrative of historical events. Therefore, choice D, 'to inform,' is the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the passage is focused on presenting historical information rather than persuading, entertaining, or expressing emotions.

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