Nursing Elites

1. According to the passage, what effect does encountering an automobile with eighteen wheels have on the hypothesis 'All automobiles have only four wheels'?

• A. It proves the hypothesis.
• B. It raises the hypothesis's probability.
• C. It disproves the hypothesis.
• D. It decreases the hypothesis's probability.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Encountering an automobile with eighteen wheels contradicts the hypothesis that all automobiles have only four wheels. This contradicts the initial hypothesis, proving it to be false. The passage explains that when evidence disproves a hypothesis, it directly contradicts the hypothesis, leading to its disproof. In the context of the monkey example provided, encountering a hairless monkey out of many hairy monkeys disproved the hypothesis 'All monkeys are hairy.' Therefore, the presence of an automobile with eighteen wheels disproves the hypothesis that all automobiles have only four wheels. Other choices are incorrect because encountering such an automobile directly contradicts the initial hypothesis, leading to its disproof, rather than proving it, raising its probability, or decreasing its probability.

2. Why are italics used in the sentence, 'Although Ben said he supported his coworkers, his actions suggested he did not condone their behavior'?

• A. to show a word is intentionally misspelled
• B. to indicate a word in a foreign language
• C. to emphasize a contrast
• D. to reference a footnote

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Italics are often used in writing to draw attention to specific words or phrases, especially in cases where there is a contrast or emphasis intended. In this sentence, the use of italics on 'supported' and 'condone' helps highlight the contradiction between Ben's words and actions, emphasizing the contrast between what he said and what he actually did. Choice A is incorrect because italics are not used to indicate intentional misspellings in this context. Choice B is incorrect as italics are not used to indicate foreign words in this sentence. Choice D is incorrect as there is no mention of footnotes in the sentence.

3. What is the purpose of the first paragraph in relation to the second paragraph?

• A. The first paragraph serves as a cause and the second paragraph serves as an effect.
• B. The first paragraph serves as a contrast to the second.
• C. The first paragraph is a description for the argument in the second paragraph.
• D. The first and second paragraphs are merely presented in a sequence.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The first paragraph introduces the general characteristics of insects and their ability to live both on land and in the air, setting the stage for discussing specific examples in the second paragraph. The second paragraph then delves into examples of insects that transition from living underwater to the aerial phase, establishing a cause-and-effect relationship between the general concept introduced in the first paragraph and the specific examples in the second paragraph. Choice A is correct because the first paragraph gives the cause (insects being creatures of land and air) and the second paragraph provides the effect (specific examples of insects transitioning between water and air). Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the relationship between the two paragraphs as cause and effect.

4. While researching Chomsky's Jewish heritage, Teddy wants to research traditional Judaism. Which section of the library would most likely contain the most relevant information?

• A. 100
• B. 200
• C. 300
• D. 900

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: '200.' According to the Dewey Decimal System, religion falls under section 200. Traditional Judaism research aligns with religious studies, making section 200 the most suitable for finding relevant information. Choices A, C, and D do not directly relate to religious topics and are therefore less likely to contain information on traditional Judaism.

5. Which of the following statements could NOT provide support for BOTH arguments?

• A. A number of local school districts have recently implemented dress codes.
• B. School administrators have been in talks with parents over the issue of uniforms.
• C. Students have reported that school uniforms are costly and typically ill-fitting.
• D. Several groups of students have been organized to discuss uniform dress codes.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the statement about the cost and fit of uniforms could only support the argument against uniforms, not both arguments. It aligns more with Vivian Harris's stance against uniforms, emphasizing the importance of clothing as a form of self-expression. Choices A, B, and D are more neutral statements that could provide support for both arguments by indicating actions being taken or discussions being held regarding uniforms without leaning towards a specific stance.

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