Nursing Elites

1. The ureters are paired tubes that transport urine from the:

• A. Bladder to the urethra
• B. Kidneys to the bladder
• C. Urethra to the kidneys
• D. Skin to the kidneys

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The ureters are responsible for carrying urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Once urine is produced in the kidneys, it travels down the ureters to be stored in the bladder until it is eliminated from the body through the urethra. Therefore, the correct answer is B, 'Kidneys to the bladder.' Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the function of the ureters in the urinary system. Choice A, 'Bladder to the urethra,' is incorrect because the ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, not from the bladder to the urethra. Choice C, 'Urethra to the kidneys,' is incorrect as the flow of urine is from the kidneys to the bladder via the ureters, not in the reverse direction. Choice D, 'Skin to the kidneys,' is unrelated to the urinary system; the ureters are not involved in transporting substances from the skin to the kidneys.

2. What makes bone resistant to shattering?

• A. The calcium salts deposited in the bone
• B. The collagen fibers
• C. The bone marrow and network of blood vessels
• D. The intricate balance of minerals and collagen fibers

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Bone is resistant to shattering due to the intricate balance of minerals and collagen fibers. The minerals provide strength to the bone, while the collagen fibers offer flexibility. This combination ensures that bone is a robust and resilient tissue. Choice A (The calcium salts deposited in the bone) is incorrect as calcium salts alone do not provide the necessary flexibility for bone to withstand shattering. Choice B (The collagen fibers) is partially correct as collagen fibers contribute to the flexibility of bone but alone are not sufficient for resistance to shattering. Choice C (The bone marrow and network of blood vessels) is incorrect as they do not directly contribute to the physical resistance of bone to shattering.

3. Which hormone, produced by the ovaries, is responsible for the development of the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle and supports early pregnancy?

• A. Estrogen
• B. Progesterone
• C. Testosterone
• D. Prolactin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Progesterone, produced by the ovaries, is responsible for the development of the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle and supports early pregnancy. While estrogen also plays a crucial role in the menstrual cycle, progesterone is specifically known for its role in preparing the uterus for pregnancy and maintaining the uterine lining. Testosterone is primarily a male sex hormone and not directly involved in these processes. Prolactin is a hormone that is mainly associated with milk production and not related to the development of the uterine lining or early pregnancy.

4. How does the potential energy of an object change when it is compressed?

• A. Potential energy decreases
• B. Potential energy increases
• C. Potential energy remains constant
• D. Potential energy becomes zero

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When an object is compressed, its potential energy increases. This is because work is done on the object to compress it, resulting in an increase in potential energy stored in the object as it is compressed against an opposing force. The potential energy is transformed and stored within the object due to the work done during the compression process, leading to an increase in its potential energy. Choice A is incorrect because compression involves doing work on the object, increasing its potential energy. Choice C is incorrect because compression involves a change in position and potential energy. Choice D is incorrect because compression does not reduce potential energy to zero; rather, it increases it due to the work done in compressing the object.

5. Which body system is responsible for the transport of dissolved oxygen from the lungs to the spleen?

• A. Immune
• B. Endocrine
• C. Respiratory
• D. Cardiovascular

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is the cardiovascular system (Option D). The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting oxygenated blood from the lungs, where oxygen is absorbed, to various tissues and organs in the body, including the spleen. The immune system (Option A) is responsible for defending the body against infections and diseases. The endocrine system (Option B) regulates hormones and their effects on the body. The respiratory system (Option C) is responsible for the exchange of gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, in the lungs.

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