Nursing Elites

1. What is the process by which a population gradually loses genetic variation?

• A. Founder effect
• B. Bottleneck effect
• C. Gene flow
• D. Speciation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A) Founder effect: This occurs when a small group of individuals establishes a new population, leading to a loss of genetic variation compared to the original population. It does not necessarily result in a gradual loss of genetic variation in an existing population. B) Bottleneck effect: This process occurs when a population is drastically reduced in size, leading to a significant loss of genetic variation due to the limited number of individuals contributing to the gene pool. The reduced genetic diversity can have long-term effects on the population's ability to adapt to environmental changes. C) Gene flow: This refers to the movement of genes between populations, which can introduce new genetic variation and prevent populations from diverging. Gene flow does not lead to a gradual loss of genetic variation within a population. D) Speciation: This is the process by which new species evolve from existing species, often involving the accumulation of genetic differences that l

2. How does friction affect motion?

• A. Friction increases speed
• B. Friction decreases speed
• C. Friction has no impact on speed
• D. Friction causes objects to float

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Friction is a force that opposes motion when two surfaces are in contact. It acts in the opposite direction to the direction of motion, causing objects to slow down or come to a stop. Therefore, friction decreases speed rather than increasing it. Choice A is incorrect as friction does not increase speed but rather hinders it. Choice C is incorrect because friction does have an impact on speed by slowing down objects. Choice D is incorrect as friction's effect is not making objects float but rather causing resistance to motion.

3. Which of the following is a constant?

• A. The number of protons in an oxygen atom
• B. The temperature at which iron ore will melt
• C. The human population size
• D. The time the sun rises each day

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The number of protons in an oxygen atom is a constant. This value is determined by the atomic number of the element and does not change regardless of the isotope of oxygen. The number of protons defines the element and remains consistent under normal conditions. Choices B, C, and D are not constants. The temperature at which iron ore will melt can vary depending on factors like pressure, the human population size is constantly changing, and the time the sun rises each day varies with the seasons and location.

4. What is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body?

• A. Jugular vein
• B. Thoracic duct
• C. Subclavian vein
• D. Aorta

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body, responsible for draining lymph from most parts of the body except for the right upper quadrant. The jugular vein, subclavian vein, and aorta are not part of the lymphatic system; they are blood vessels and do not serve as lymphatic vessels. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are not associated with the lymphatic system's transport of lymph.

5. What is the process by which lighter nuclei fuse to form heavier nuclei, releasing a large amount of energy?

• A. Fission
• B. Fusion
• C. Radioactivity
• D. Chain reaction

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Fusion is the process by which lighter nuclei combine to form heavier nuclei, releasing a large amount of energy in the process. This process is the source of energy in stars, including our Sun. Fission, the process of splitting heavier nuclei into lighter nuclei, is not correct. Radioactivity involves the emission of particles or radiation from the nucleus of an unstable atom, which is different from fusion. A chain reaction is a self-sustaining reaction where the products of one reaction cause further reactions, which is unrelated to fusion.

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